As of 2023, Cameroon generates approximately 10 TWh of electricity annually, with more than half of this coming from low-carbon sources like hydropower. Specifically, hydropower accounts for a significant portion, boasting more than 5 TWh out of the total, while fossil fuels contribute over 3 TWh. Comparatively, the global average electricity consumption is about 3781 kWh per person, which Cameroon falls drastically short of with less than 300 kWh per person. This low level of electricity generation can negatively impact economic growth, limit access to modern amenities, and restrict the development of key sectors such as education and healthcare, thereby hindering significant progress in the well-being of its citizens.
Is Electricity Growing in Cameroon?
When examining electricity consumption trends in Cameroon, concerning patterns emerge: the current per capita consumption of 296 kWh has notably decreased from the previous high of 351 kWh in 2015. Similarly, low-carbon electricity usage has shifted from a peak in 2006 of 256 kWh per person down to 188 kWh. This decline suggests stagnation or even regression in electricity growth, a trend that could have adverse effects on the nation’s capacity to meet rising energy demands associated with technological advancements and industrial expansion. Declining consumption signals an urgent need for strategic interventions to reverse this trend and support future growth.
Suggestions
To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Cameroon can look toward successful regions that utilize both solar and nuclear energy. With significant examples like China's massive generation from solar and wind, and France’s steadfast commitment to nuclear energy, it is evident that investment in these areas can yield substantial dividends. Countries like Brazil and India are also making strides in wind and solar power, demonstrating that with strategic policies and investments, clean energy can thrive even in diverse socio-economic contexts. By emulating such practices and prioritizing the expansion of solar and nuclear capacities, Cameroon can improve its energy security and contribute to global efforts against climate change.
History
The historical data of low-carbon electricity in Cameroon reveals a mix of incremental growth and occasional setbacks. While the early 1980s through the late 1990s saw modest increases in hydropower, the early 2000s experienced some declines, particularly in 2002. However, more recent times, especially post-2010, have shown a persistent yet fragile uptick in hydropower. The most significant growth surged in 2017, and although slight fluctuations remain, there is potential for consistent improvement. Drawing lessons from this historical perspective, Cameroon should maintain and accelerate this trajectory by investing in more reliable and sustainable clean energy sources.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.