Over the past year, from September 2025 to August 2026, Romania's electricity consumption has been largely dominated by low-carbon sources, with more than two-thirds of its electricity coming from these clean energy types. This includes notable contributions from hydropower, which accounts for almost 27%, and nuclear power, contributing close to 18%. Wind and solar also play significant roles, generating approximately 13% and 11%, respectively. Fossil fuels account for a smaller portion of the energy mix, at just over 28%, with gas and coal being the primary contributors. Notably, net imports of electricity stand at a minimal 2.5%, indicating Romania's relative energy independence while highlighting the potential for further increasing clean energy production.

Is Electricity Growing in Romania?

Romania's electricity consumption appears to be in a state of stagnation, as the latest per-person electricity consumption is 2,611 kWh, significantly lower than the historic peak of 3,487 kWh back in 1989. This decline is concerning, especially as the world moves towards electrification to support advancements in technology, including AI. Furthermore, the potential of low-carbon electricity has yet to be fully realized, as demonstrated by the current generation of 1,813 kWh per person, which falls short of the record seen just a few years ago in 2023. This indicates a need for deliberate efforts to reverse these trends and foster growth in both overall and low-carbon electricity consumption.

Suggestions

To rectify the current situation and ensure a future grounded in low-carbon solutions, Romania should consider the expansion of its existing nuclear, wind, and solar facilities. Learning from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy accounts for over 65% of electricity, could provide insights into optimizing nuclear generation. Additionally, embracing the lessons from Denmark and Iowa, which depend significantly on wind for their electricity—about 57%—could enhance Romania's wind capacity. For solar, inspiration can be drawn from Nevada and California, regions where solar power contributes substantially to the electricity mix. By leveraging these successful models, Romania could bolster its commitment to clean energy, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and help mitigate climate change.

History

Historically, Romania's journey with low-carbon electricity has been a mix of innovative strides and challenges, particularly highlighted in the realm of hydropower and nuclear energy. In the three decades beginning in the early 1990s, hydropower experienced several peaks and troughs, seeing significant growth in 1991, 1995, 2004, and 2013, alongside substantial declines like those in 1992, 2000, and most notably 2011. The nuclear sector saw a remarkable rise in significance, notably in the late 1990s with significant increases in 1997 and 2008. While the fluctuations in hydropower might reflect natural variability, the consistent expansion of nuclear represents a steadfast commitment to low-carbon energy. Securing and enhancing these sources can catapult Romania into a sustainable energy future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Sep 2025 – Aug 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.