Electricity in Romania in 2023/2024

As of September 2024, Romania's electricity consumption comes primarily from low-carbon energy sources and a significant portion from fossil fuels. In the past 12 months, roughly more than half of the electricity consumption, specifically 64%, came from low-carbon sources. Hydropower and nuclear energy are substantial contributors within this category, contributing approximately 28% and 20% respectively. Wind power also has a notable share at 12%, followed by solar power, which generates around 4%. Meanwhile, fossil fuels account for nearly a third of the electricity consumed in Romania, with gas and coal making up about 19% and 13% respectively. An additional 3% of Romania’s electricity is derived from net imports, showcasing the country's reliance on both internal generation and external sources.

Suggestions

Romania has a solid foundation in low-carbon electricity generation but can bolster this by expanding existing nuclear and wind infrastructure. Romania can draw lessons from countries with similar energy structures. For example, Slovakia and Ukraine generate a substantial portion of their electricity from nuclear power, 60% and 55% respectively, illustrating the benefits of a strong nuclear sector. Moreover, Denmark and Uruguay lead in wind energy, producing 61% and 36% respectively, indicating the potential for wind energy to become a more significant part of Romania's energy mix. By increasing its commitment to nuclear and wind, Romania can further reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, thereby addressing issues such as climate change and air pollution more effectively.

History

Romania has seen variable yet significant growth in low-carbon electricity generation over the last few decades. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were marked increases in hydropower, with gains of about 3.6 TWh in 1988 and 1991. However, some years experienced declines, like 1992 with a drop of 2.9 TWh. The late 1990s and early 2000s marked a notable shift with the introduction of nuclear power increasing by 4 TWh in 1997 and another 3.5 TWh in 2008. While hydropower continued to fluctuate, increasing in 2004, 2005, and 2010 by 3.3 TWh, 3.7 TWh, and 4.4 TWh respectively, it also saw significant dips, particularly in 2011 and 2012. The past few years have echoed these trends, with significant increases in hydropower in 2023 and inevitable declines later in the same period. This history underscores a dynamic transition with continued potential for growth in green energy, particularly nuclear and wind, moving forward.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources