In 2024, Romania's electricity consumption showcases a noteworthy tilt towards low-carbon sources. Clean energy accounts for more than 60% of the electricity generated, with hydropower contributing approximately a quarter and nuclear energy nearing one-fifth of the total. Wind and solar power add to this clean energy mix, providing around 11.5% and 7.5%, respectively. In contrast, fossil fuels make up a little over 30% of the electricity supply, with gas, coal, and oil being the primary contributors. Despite the continued presence of fossil fuels, Romania's commitment to reducing its reliance on them is evident, positioning itself as a leader in the transition to cleaner energy sources.
Is Electricity Growing in Romania?
Romania's electricity consumption landscape reveals a concerning trend when viewed through a historical lens. The current consumption levels of 2,945 kWh per person are noticeably lower than the historic peak of 3,655 kWh per person recorded in 1989. This represents a reduction of 710 kWh per person. Furthermore, the latest low-carbon electricity generation of 1,894 kWh per person also falls short of the previous record set in 2023, indicating a reduction of 174 kWh per person. This decline suggests stagnation in electricity growth, which is particularly troubling given that increase in overall and low-carbon electricity generation is crucial for fostering sustainable development and accommodating future energy demands.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Romania should prioritize the expansion of nuclear and wind energy capacities, which are already integral components of its energy portfolio. Learning from regions such as France and Slovakia, both of which have achieved more than 60% of their electricity from nuclear power, could provide valuable insights into scaling nuclear capabilities. Similarly, wind energy can see substantial growth by adopting practices from states like Iowa and South Dakota, where wind contributes to over half of their electricity supply. Additionally, focusing on scaling up solar energy, as seen in Lebanon, where solar accounts for 31% of electricity, could further diversify and strengthen Romania's clean energy framework.
History
Romania’s journey in low-carbon electricity generation has seen various pivotal periods. In the late 1980s, hydropower significantly increased its output with substantial gains in 1988 and 1991. However, the 1990s brought fluctuations, with notable hydro developments in 1995, followed by a rise in nuclear generation during 1997. The early 2000s experienced setbacks in hydro, but recovery occurred in subsequent years, marked by consistent growth until 2010. Despite these fluctuations, the past decade has seen continued development, with hydropower still witnessing fluctuations but sustaining a growth trend as observed in 2023. Romania must capitalize on these advancements to further embed low-carbon strategies into its energy sector, ensuring stable and consistent clean electricity growth.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.