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Electricity in Romania in 2024

Global Ranking: #58
64.3% #50 Low-carbon electricity
40.43 % #63 Electrification
2924.92 kWh #107 Generation / person
229.70 gCO2eq/kWh #51 Carbon Intensity

In 2024, Romania's electricity consumption showcases a commendable shift towards cleaner energy sources, with low-carbon electricity accounting for more than half of the total production, around 64%. The hydropower sector contributes roughly a quarter, or 25%, making it the most significant low-carbon contributor. Nuclear energy is also a vital player, providing nearly a fifth of the electricity. Meanwhile, wind and solar energy are making notable contributions with around 12% and 8% respectively. Despite these strides in low-carbon energy generation, fossil fuels still account for nearly a third of the electricity, with natural gas at around 16% and coal at 12%. Oil remains a minor part of the mix at approximately 2%. Net imports constitute about 5% of the electricity supply, indicating reliance on external sources to meet demand.

Suggestions

Romania has great potential to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation by focusing on the expansion of nuclear and wind energy. Drawing inspiration from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power provides a substantial majority of electricity, Romania could significantly increase its nuclear capacity. Similarly, the successful implementation of wind energy in Denmark and Ireland offers a model for Romania to enhance its wind infrastructure. Collaborating with these countries or adopting their best practices could offer invaluable insights into expanding sustainable energy production. The lessons learned from solar energy advancements in Lebanon, though less similar to Romania, could subtly inform small ventures into solar energy, enhancing the overall low-carbon grid.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity in Romania has seen various shifts over the decades. In the late 1980s through the early 1990s, hydroelectric power fluctuated significantly, initially increasing with periods of decline. During the mid to late 1990s, nuclear energy began to establish its presence with a notable increase in generation in 1997. Entering the 21st century, the hydropower sector experienced both ups and downs, with years like 2010 seeing notable increases, while others such as 2011 faced declines. The early 2000s witnessed additional boosts in hydroelectric production, yet recent years have seen some instability in this area, as observed with the decline in 2024. Despite some of these challenges, the emergence and steady increase in nuclear and wind energy have bolstered Romania's commitment to a cleaner, low-carbon electricity future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources

For the years 1980 to 1984 the data sources are EIA and IEA (imports/exports).
For the years 1985 to 1989 the data sources are Energy Institute and IEA (imports/exports).
For the years 1990 to 1999 the data source is IEA.
For the years 2000 to 2001 the data source is Ember.
For the years 2002 to 2008 the data source is IEA.
For the years 2009 to 2010 the data source is Ember.
For the year 2011 the data source is IEA.
For the years 2012 to 2024 the data source is Ember.
For the months 2024-03 to 2025-01 the data source is ENTSOE.
For the month 2025-02 the data source is Ember.
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