Electricity in Romania in 2023/2024

In the most recent period from November 2023 to October 2024, Romania's electricity composition is significantly inclined towards low-carbon sources, with more than 60% of its electricity stemming from such green technologies. Nuclear energy contributes almost 20% to the national grid, while hydropower accounts for around 28%. These two sources alone constitute the backbone of Romania's low-carbon electricity, supported by wind energy providing nearly 12%, and solar power offering close to 4%. In contrast, fossil fuels still play a substantial role, furnishing about 32% of Romania's electricity needs—dominated by natural gas and coal. Additionally, net imports contribute a minor share to the energy mix, standing at roughly 4%, showcasing Romania’s reliance on both domestic generation and cross-border electricity trade.

Suggestions

To further advance its low-carbon electricity share, Romania should consider expanding its nuclear and wind capacities, given their already substantial contributions. Learning from other nations with similar characteristics can be enlightening. For instance, Slovakia and Ukraine produce over half of their electricity from nuclear energy, presenting a model for scaling up nuclear infrastructure. Similarly, Denmark and Uruguay demonstrate the successful integration of wind power, exceeding 30% of their electricity generation from this source. Romania can draw on these examples to invest in and expedite the development of its nuclear and wind sectors, ensuring a sustainable and secure energy future while reducing reliance on carbon-intensive fossil fuels.

History

Romania's history of low-carbon electricity generation reflects an evolving landscape, with notable milestones marking its development. Starting in the late 1980s, hydropower witnessed a significant increase, with a rise in 1988 that was followed by fluctuations throughout the 1990s and 2000s. In 1997 and 2008, substantial increments in nuclear electricity marked crucial advancements that contributed positively to Romania's low-carbon energy profile. Although the early 2010s saw a cycle of ups and downs in hydro generation, the capacity consistently served as a critical element of the country's clean energy framework. Critically, any declines in nuclear output during this period are viewed with scrutiny, underscoring the importance of maintaining and enhancing nuclear capabilities to support a resilient and clean electricity infrastructure. The ongoing commitment to boosting both hydro and nuclear power emphasizes the need for stability and expansion in these sectors to secure a robust green energy future for Romania.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources