Electricity in Romania in 2024
In 2024, Romania's electricity consumption showcases a commendable shift towards cleaner energy sources, with low-carbon electricity accounting for more than half of the total production, around 64%. The hydropower sector contributes roughly a quarter, or 25%, making it the most significant low-carbon contributor. Nuclear energy is also a vital player, providing nearly a fifth of the electricity. Meanwhile, wind and solar energy are making notable contributions with around 12% and 8% respectively. Despite these strides in low-carbon energy generation, fossil fuels still account for nearly a third of the electricity, with natural gas at around 16% and coal at 12%. Oil remains a minor part of the mix at approximately 2%. Net imports constitute about 5% of the electricity supply, indicating reliance on external sources to meet demand.
Suggestions
Romania has great potential to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation by focusing on the expansion of nuclear and wind energy. Drawing inspiration from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power provides a substantial majority of electricity, Romania could significantly increase its nuclear capacity. Similarly, the successful implementation of wind energy in Denmark and Ireland offers a model for Romania to enhance its wind infrastructure. Collaborating with these countries or adopting their best practices could offer invaluable insights into expanding sustainable energy production. The lessons learned from solar energy advancements in Lebanon, though less similar to Romania, could subtly inform small ventures into solar energy, enhancing the overall low-carbon grid.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Romania has seen various shifts over the decades. In the late 1980s through the early 1990s, hydroelectric power fluctuated significantly, initially increasing with periods of decline. During the mid to late 1990s, nuclear energy began to establish its presence with a notable increase in generation in 1997. Entering the 21st century, the hydropower sector experienced both ups and downs, with years like 2010 seeing notable increases, while others such as 2011 faced declines. The early 2000s witnessed additional boosts in hydroelectric production, yet recent years have seen some instability in this area, as observed with the decline in 2024. Despite some of these challenges, the emergence and steady increase in nuclear and wind energy have bolstered Romania's commitment to a cleaner, low-carbon electricity future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.