Electricity in Romania in 2023

In 2023, electricity consumption in Romania reveals a significant division between low-carbon and fossil energy sources. Low-carbon energy sources—hydropower, nuclear, wind, and solar—contribute a notable 39.54 TWh, with hydropower and nuclear accounting for substantial portions at 18.3 TWh and 11.18 TWh respectively. Wind and solar add another 7.52 TWh and 2.08 TWh. On the fossil front, coal and gas amount to 7.7 TWh and 9.04 TWh respectively, bringing the total fossil-based generation to 16.74 TWh. Cumulatively, Romania's electricity generation per capita stands significantly below the global average of 432 watts per person, signaling potential impacts such as slower economic development and lower quality of life due to insufficient energy infrastructure.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Romania should focus on expanding its nuclear and wind capacities, given their existing substantial contributions. Taking cues from high-performing countries like France and South Korea, where nuclear power produces 336 TWh and 180 TWh respectively, Romania could strategize phased expansions in nuclear infrastructure. Similarly, wind power expansion, inspired by the massive 886 TWh generated by China and 425 TWh by the United States, could be ramped up. Germany's 137 TWh from wind showcases the potential for wind energy even in countries with similar climatic conditions. By implementing robust policies and incentives, Romania can advance its sustainable energy landscape, simultaneously reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.

History

Looking at the historical data, Romania has shown varied progress in low-carbon electricity generation over the decades. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw multiple significant increases in hydroelectric power, such as 3.6 TWh in 1988 and 3.2 TWh in 1991, punctuated by notable decreases as well. The year 1997 marked a pivotal shift with the introduction of 4 TWh from nuclear energy, reinforced by an additional 3.5 TWh in 2008. The early 2000s had mixed results for hydropower, fluctuating between gains like 3.3 TWh in 2004 and declines of 2.8 TWh in 2003 and 4.9 TWh in 2011. More recent years, leading up to 2023, saw resurgence periods, evidenced by a gain of 4.3 TWh in hydroelectric generation. Overall, Romania’s historical advancements and setbacks underline the need for consistent policy and investment to stabilize and grow its low-carbon electricity production.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources