Electricity in Jamaica in 2022
In 2022, Jamaica's electricity consumption was predominantly reliant on fossil fuels, which made up about 87% of its energy production, with gas accounting for more than half of this figure. In contrast, low-carbon or clean energy sources contributed close to 13% of the total electricity consumption. Among the low-carbon sources, wind energy represented about 6% of the total electricity, solar contributed almost 3%, and hydropower generated approximately 3%. Biofuels brought in just over 1% of the total energy share. This heavily fossil fuel-dependent mix highlights Jamaica's pressing need to transition towards cleaner energy options to combat climate change and reduce air pollution.
Is Electricity Growing in Jamaica?
Examining the trend in electricity consumption reveals a declining pattern over time, as evidenced by the latest data showing per capita consumption at 1581 kWh in 2022, which is a decrease of nearly 1200 kWh from the 2005 levels. Additionally, low-carbon electricity generation per person decreased as well, with recent figures showing 204 kWh compared to the historic record of 229 kWh per person in 1983. This dual decline in both overall and low-carbon electricity usage is concerning, especially as the demand for electrification and sustainable energy continues to rise globally.
Suggestions
To accelerate the shift towards low-carbon electricity, Jamaica can draw lessons from regions that have successfully embraced clean energy technologies. In the realm of wind power, countries like Denmark and states like Iowa and South Dakota generate more than half of their electricity from wind. Moreover, the integration of nuclear energy, as seen in nations such as France and Slovakia, which derive over 60% of their electricity from nuclear sources, offers a compelling model for Jamaica to explore. Solar energy also presents a viable opportunity, with regions like Lebanon and Nevada making substantial advancements. By adopting a balanced strategy of expanding solar, wind, and potentially nuclear energy, Jamaica can make significant strides in reducing its dependence on fossil fuels and ensuring a sustainable and reliable electricity supply.
History
Taking a historical perspective, Jamaica's involvement with low-carbon electricity has been sporadic, marked by small increments in various sources. In the 1970s and 1980s, biofuel had some growth, but it faced intermittent declines. The 1990s saw negligible changes, while in the 2000s, growth was similarly limited, mainly fluctuating in biofuel usage. Recent years have seen some progress in wind energy, with a notable addition in 2016, yet overall growth has been modest. This history underscores the need for a more dedicated and structured approach to expanding low-carbon electricity generation, especially as the global focus shifts towards combating climate change and increasing energy demand.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.