Slovakia is making significant strides in curbing emissions by generating more than 85% of their electricity from low-carbon sources in 2023. More than half of this clean energy is generated by nuclear power, contributing to 61% of total electricity supply. Hydropower also plays a substantial role, making up more than 18% of the electricity produced. Fossil fuel plants contribute to just over 11% of the electricity generation, with gas and coal accounting for 6.88% and 3.22% respectively, while oil has a minor role with 1.34%. On top of its internal progress, Slovakia is a key exporter of clean power, helping neighboring countries to reduce their own emissions. However, as sectors like transport, heating, and industry move towards electricity, there will be a growing demand for electrical power.
Given the large role nuclear plays in Slovakia's low-carbon electricity sector, it could be an avenue for further clean energy expansion. Building upon their existing nuclear infrastructure would enable the country to continue its path towards a zero-emission electricity network, while meeting the increasing demand from various sectors moving away from fossil fuels. Moreover, this approach takes advantage of Slovakia's proven expertise and experience in managing and operating nuclear power plants.
The evolution of low-carbon electricity in Slovakia can be traced back to key milestones. The nuclear sector began to make considerable strides in the last years of the 20th century, with significant increases in electricity generation occurring in 1986 and the mid to late 90s. There were fluctuations in the following decades, with some years showcasing increases while others registered decreases in electricity output. For instance, in 2007 and 2009 there was a considerable dip in nuclear power generation. Hydropower, on the other hand, has seen a relatively steady growth since the 90s, despite occasional downswings as seen in 2003 and 2011. Recent years, specifically 2023, have seen a resurgence in both nuclear and hydropower generation with positive increases, signaling an encouraging trend towards a predominantly low-carbon electricity scenario.