Electricity in Tanzania in 2022

As of 2022, electricity consumption in Tanzania is notably low, with the total electricity generation from all sources just reaching above 15 TWh. Fossil and gas energy contribute the largest share, amounting to more than 12 TWh combined, which is approximately four-fifths of the total electricity generation. Conversely, low-carbon energy sources, such as hydropower, generate almost 3 TWh, or roughly a fifth of the total electricity. This reliance on fossil fuels is concerning, particularly due to the negative impacts associated with fossil energy like air pollution and climate change. Additionally, Tanzania's electricity consumption per person is significantly below the global average of 3606 watts/person, which could impede economic growth and limit access to modern amenities, affecting the overall quality of life.

Suggestions

To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Tanzania can draw inspiration from countries that have successfully harnessed wind and solar power. India, for example, generates a substantial amount of its electricity from solar (125 TWh) and wind (92 TWh), and Brazil produces 97 TWh from wind energy. These similar geographic and economic contexts show the potential for success through investments in wind and solar infrastructure. Additionally, the global prowess of countries such as the People's Republic of China, which generates large amounts of wind (950 TWh) and solar (653 TWh) energy, serves as a beacon of the enormous potential for scaling up these clean energy technologies. By fostering a supportive environment for investments in wind and solar projects, Tanzania can improve its electricity capacity while curbing its reliance on fossil fuels.

History

Examining the history of low-carbon electricity in Tanzania reveals a fluctuating journey primarily focused on hydropower. In the 1990s, the generation of electricity from hydropower saw minor ups and downs, with incremental increases like 0.2 TWh in some years being offset by declines such as 0.3 TWh in 1997. The early 2000s reflected a somewhat uneven growth pattern, with notable increases in 1998 and 2001 followed by a downturn in following years. However, promising developments were seen in 2007 with a substantial increase of 1.1 TWh, highlighting the potential for growth when conditions align favorably. More recently, the years 2014 and 2020 marked increments in hydropower generation, signaling a positive trend amidst a background of periodic declines. These shifting patterns indicate both opportunities and challenges in stabilizing and expanding low-carbon electricity generation in Tanzania.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources