In 2025, California's electricity consumption is characterized by a substantial shift towards low-carbon energy sources, with more than half of its electricity derived from clean energy. Solar power alone provides a significant portion, accounting for more than 30% of total electricity consumption. Approximately a quarter of the state's electricity comes from fossil fuels, mainly gas, which stands at 24.84%. Net imports contribute around 19%, while hydropower and nuclear energy account for 9.53% and 5.95%, respectively. Wind, geothermal, and biofuels make up the remainder, with wind contributing about 5.51% and geothermal 3.64%, providing a diversified low-carbon energy portfolio.
Data sources used on this page include EIA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in California?
Despite the generally upward trend in electricity usage, California experienced a slight decline in electricity consumption per person in 2025, down from 7,700 kWh/person in 2024 to 7,520 kWh/person. This reduction is concerning in a state where electrification and technological advancements require more electricity. However, it is encouraging to see that low-carbon electricity generation per person increased significantly, with the latest figures reaching 4,260 kWh/person, an improvement from the 2024 record of 4,029 kWh/person. It's promising that clean energy is gaining ground, though the overall electricity decrease highlights the need for renewed attention to balancing demand and cleaner supply.
Suggestions
California can significantly boost its low-carbon electricity generation by expanding its already substantial solar installations. Building on its solar success, the state should look to regions like Iowa and South Dakota, which have excelled in harnessing wind energy, to enhance its wind capacity. Furthermore, adopting lessons from nuclear power leaders like France and South Carolina can fortify California's low-carbon strategy. By learning from these successful regions, California can ensure a more resilient and sustainable power grid, capitalizing on clean energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impact.
History
In the historical context of low-carbon electricity in California, various energy types have seen fluctuating levels of production. In 2024, hydroelectric power faced a decline while nuclear energy recovered with a slight increase, and wind energy saw growth. This trend continued in 2025, when the state noted further hydropower decreases and another reduction in nuclear output, a discouraging sign given the potential benefits of nuclear energy. Wind power maintained a consistent rise in production. The continuous drop in hydropower complements the need for California to expand its solar and nuclear capacities, ensuring a robust transition to a low-carbon electricity future.
