In 2025, California's electricity consumption showcases a promising tilt towards low-carbon or clean energy sources. With more than half, or approximately 57%, of its electricity derived from clean sources, the state is setting a commendable example in sustainable electricity generation. Solar energy alone contributes to almost a third of the energy, with utility-scale solar providing about 19% and behind-the-meter solar systems another 12%. Hydropower accounts for close to 10%, while nuclear and wind energy jointly contribute around 11% to California's low-carbon mix. In contrast, fossil fuels, primarily gas, still represent just over a quarter of the energy consumption, which indicates a robust opportunity for further reducing carbon emissions by enhancing the low-carbon portfolio.
Data sources used on this page include EIA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in California?
Despite the commitment to clean electricity, the overall electricity consumption trend in California is alarming, having decreased slightly. The per capita electricity consumption in 2025 was about 7520 kWh, declining from 2024's high mark of 7700 kWh per person. This drop of 180 kWh per person indicates a setback in the state's growth trajectory crucial for supporting future electricity demands due to electrification and advancements like AI. On a brighter note, per capita low-carbon electricity generation increased by 232 kWh from the previous record, reaching 4260 kWh in 2025. This improvement underscores the need for continuous investment in eco-friendly energy sources to offset the setbacks in total electricity consumption.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity output, California should capitalize on its already strong solar presence. By expanding solar investments and infrastructure, including utility-scale and decentralized installations, the state can further reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Learning from other regions will prove invaluable—European countries like France with about 67% nuclear generation or Denmark with 60% wind can provide impactful lessons on diversifying energy sources to maximize clean electricity output. Additionally, states like Iowa and South Dakota could offer insights into efficient wind energy harnessing. Emulating these regions will not only reinforce California’s position as a clean energy leader but will also help stimulate necessary economic and technological developments to support future electricity demands.
History
California has experienced notable shifts in its low-carbon electricity generation over the years. Recent data indicates a decline in some areas: hydropower saw a reduction across the last two years, with a drop of 2.6 TWh in 2024 and 1.3 TWh in 2025. While wind energy boosted its contribution by 1.6 TWh in 2024 and 0.6 TWh in 2025, geothermal demonstrated its steadiness with a minor setback in 2024 and recovery the subsequent year. Nuclear energy slightly increased by 0.7 TWh in 2024 but then saw a small decrease in 2025, which points to a need for steadfast commitment to this reliable power source. Biofuels, while included in low-carbon totals, witnessed minimal adjustments that reflect their minor role. Together, these shifts reinforce the urgency for California to foster a consistent and calculated approach to expanding vital clean energy sectors, such as nuclear and solar, to ensure long-term sustainability and meet energy demands.
