As of 2023, Sudan's electricity consumption is characterized by a predominance of low-carbon energy sources, which make up over two-thirds of the total electricity generated. Specifically, around 12 TWh are from low-carbon sources, largely driven by hydropower at nearly 12 TWh, while fossil fuels account for approximately 5 TWh. When comparing per capita consumption, Sudan dramatically lags the global average, with each person using about 352 kWh annually, well below the global rate of 3781 kWh. This insufficient level of electricity generation can limit social and economic development, hinder technological advancements, and restrict access to essential services, emphasizing the need for increased electricity provision to improve living standards and support growth.
Is Electricity Growing in Sudan?
Recent trends in Sudan indicate a troubling stagnation in electricity consumption. Current figures show a decrease from past records, with a drop from 389 kWh per person in 2018 to the present 352 kWh. Meanwhile, low-carbon electricity usage per individual also slipped from its peak of 244 kWh per person in 2022 to 235 kWh. These declines suggest a regression in efforts to meet rising demand and expand clean energy usage—a situation that could exacerbate existing challenges and delay progress toward a sustainable energy landscape.
Suggestions
To tackle this issue and boost low-carbon electricity generation, Sudan can draw inspiration from successful regions, particularly in harnessing solar and nuclear energy. Countries like the People's Republic of China showcase the potential of solar power with enormous outputs exceeding 1000 TWh. Similarly, the deployment of nuclear energy in the United States, contributing 778 TWh, exemplifies the substantial capacity that nuclear power can achieve. By aspiring to replicate these models, Sudan could expand its clean electricity infrastructure, potentially integrating solar farms and exploring nascent nuclear capabilities. These transformations could pave the way for significant gains in energy independence and sustainability.
History
Historically, Sudan's journey with low-carbon electricity generation has primarily revolved around hydropower, marked by its variable progression over the years. Following minor increments in the early 1980s, a major leap occurred in the late 2000s with significant hydropower expansions, notably in 2009 and 2010, generating increases of 1.8 TWh and 2.9 TWh respectively. Subsequent years witnessed both growth and instability, reflected in fluctuations such as the growth spur in 2017 and the downturn in 2023. These past patterns spotlight the potential for harnessing hydropower within the country's energy mix, although more consistent and diversified energy strategies, including nuclear and solar, are crucial for ensuring reliable and expanded clean electricity generation in the future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.