In the 12-month period from June 2025 to May 2026, Croatia's electricity consumption demonstrated a commendable shift toward low-carbon energy sources. Low-carbon energy made up more than half of the total electricity consumed, with hydropower and wind as leading contributors to this category, accounting for about 28% and 15% respectively. While solar energy also played a role, it contributed only around 6% to the overall consumption. Fossil fuels, on the other hand, composed close to a fifth of the electricity sources, primarily through gas and coal, which accounted for a total of nearly 17%. The remaining electricity was imported, representing more than a quarter of the total consumption, indicating a reliance on neighboring regions to meet energy needs.

Is Electricity Growing in Croatia?

On the question of whether electricity demand is growing in Croatia, the latest numbers reveal a slight decline. In 2026, the per capita consumption was recorded at 5119 kWh, which is a decrease from the previous record in 2025 by about 98 kWh per person. Low-carbon electricity generation per capita also declined significantly, with the latest numbers at 2770 kWh compared to a record of 3120 kWh in 2023. This reduction in low-carbon generation by roughly 349 kWh per person suggests challenges in maintaining and increasing clean electricity production. Such a decline is concerning given the global need for more electricity, especially clean electricity, to support ongoing electrification and address the climate crisis.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Croatia could benefit from expanding its wind energy sector, as it already contributes a substantial portion to the overall mix. Looking at successful regions globally, Croatia can draw inspiration from countries like Denmark and Iowa, where wind contributes a significant share of electricity at 60% and 57% respectively. Moreover, exploring nuclear energy could provide a reliable and sustainable solution, as demonstrated by countries such as France and Slovakia, where nuclear comprises over 65% of their electricity. Solar energy also presents an untapped potential for growth, with countries like Nevada and California achieving solar generation shares of 34% and 31% respectively. By focusing on expanding wind, solar, and considering nuclear energy, Croatia could secure a more sustainable and self-sufficient energy future.

History

Croatia's history in low-carbon electricity generation has seen fluctuations, particularly in its reliance on hydropower. In the 1990s, hydropower experienced significant increases in electricity generation, particularly in 1991 and 1996, with a decrease in 1997. Entering the 2000s, the pattern continued with notable growth in 2004 and several declines, such as in 2007 and 2011. More recently, the 2020s have shown varied results, marked by increases in years like 2023 and decreases such as in 2024 and 2025. These swings highlight the need for diversification in low-carbon sources to stabilize and increase clean electricity output. By building a diverse mix that does not overly depend on the variability of one low-carbon type, Croatia can ensure a stable, secure, and clean energy future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Jun 2025 – May 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.