Electricity in Macao SAR China in 2022
In 2022, Macao SAR China relied heavily on net imports for its electricity consumption, with over 90% of the electricity being imported. The fossil fuels, including gas, accounted collectively for just over 10% of the electricity consumed, with fossil energy comprising more than half of this domestic electricity generation and gas making up the remaining portion. Low-carbon energy sources represented close to none of Macao's electricity consumption, contributing just under 4%, entirely sourced from biofuels. The negligible presence of low-carbon electricity points to a significant opportunity for growth in this sector, especially in light of global trends toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality by transitioning to cleaner energy solutions.
Is Electricity Growing in Macao SAR China?
Electricity consumption in Macao SAR China seems to be experiencing a downward trend. In 2022, the per capita electricity consumption was 7,610 kWh, which represents a noticeable decrease from the record of 8,674 kWh per person in 2019, indicating a reduction of over 1,000 kWh per person. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity also saw a decline, with the latest figure at 284 kWh per person, a drop from the 2014 peak of 426 kWh per person. These declines highlight a worrying trend in both general electricity consumption and more specifically in clean energy generation, at a time when global energy policy is rapidly shifting towards low-carbon alternatives to sustain increasing electricity demand.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Macao SAR China can draw inspiration from countries harnessing nuclear and solar energy extensively. France and Slovakia, for instance, generate over 60% of their electricity from nuclear sources, showcasing the potential benefits of adopting nuclear energy. Similarly, regions like Nevada and Chile have embraced solar energy, attributing between 20% to 30% of their electricity generation to this clean, abundant resource. By investing in nuclear and solar infrastructure, Macao can not only enhance its energy security by reducing dependency on imports but also contribute to global efforts in combating climate change through a transition to sustainable energy sources.
History
Historically, the role of low-carbon electricity in Macao SAR China has been minimal, as evidenced by the available data. Between 2001 and 2022, biofuels consistently contributed modest amounts, rarely rising above 0.1 TWh annually, and witnessing an overall stagnation over the years. The period after 2015 saw an even minor decline, with no notable increase or diversification into other low-carbon sources, such as nuclear or solar. This limited historical focus on low-carbon solutions underscores the pressing necessity for Macao to explore broader adoption of green energy to align with international energy transition goals and ensure a sustainable electricity future.