From October 2025 through September 2026, low-carbon sources supplied almost 59% of Czechia’s electricity consumption, while fossil fuels supplied about 41%. Nuclear was the largest source, providing around 41%, followed by coal at roughly 35%. Solar and biofuels each contributed about 6.5%, while hydropower supplied nearly 4%; together with nuclear, these formed the low-carbon share. Gas supplied another 6%, making up most of the remaining fossil electricity. Czechia therefore has a strong clean electricity foundation, but coal still accounts for more than a third of consumption.

Is Electricity Growing in Czechia?

Czechia’s latest figures show a mixed picture rather than clear overall electricity growth. Electricity consumption in 2026 stood at about 6,800 kWh per person, roughly 1,700 kWh, or 20%, below the record set in 2007. Low-carbon electricity generation, however, reached a new high of just over 4,000 kWh per person, beating the 2025 record by 42 kWh per person—an increase of about 1%. That clean electricity progress is welcome, although modest. The gap below peak electricity consumption underscores the importance of expanding clean supply to support future electrification and growing demand from AI.

Suggestions

Czechia should build on its substantial nuclear generation by expanding capacity at existing nuclear sites, while accelerating solar deployment and developing wind power. Nearby Slovakia, where nuclear supplies about 66% of electricity generation, and France, at 67%, demonstrate how nuclear can anchor a predominantly low-carbon electricity system. Hungary’s solar share of about 23% and Germany’s 20% offer relevant regional examples for scaling rooftop and larger solar installations. Germany also generates around 31% of its electricity from wind, while Austria generates about 12%, showing that wind can complement nuclear and solar in Central Europe. Investment in grids, storage and flexible electricity use would help Czechia turn these examples into sustained clean electricity growth and reduce dependence on coal and gas, cutting climate pollution and improving air quality.

History

Czechia’s low-carbon electricity history has been shaped primarily by successive waves of nuclear growth. In the late 1980s, nuclear generation increased by a combined 9.5 TWh across 1986–1988; another major expansion in 2001–2003 added 12.3 TWh, including a particularly strong 7.1 TWh increase in 2003. Hydropower fell by 1.1 TWh that year. A nuclear decline in 2005 was followed by gains in 2006, 2010 and 2012, while solar added 1.6 TWh in 2011. The combined 6.2 TWh nuclear decline in 2015–2016 was a particularly disappointing setback for clean electricity output, although gains totaling 5.8 TWh in 2017–2018 recovered much of that loss. Another 1.9 TWh nuclear decline in 2020 interrupted progress. More recently, solar added 1.4 TWh in 2024 and nuclear added 2.3 TWh in 2025, a welcome return to growth despite a 0.9 TWh fall in hydropower that year.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Oct 2025 – Sep 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.