From October 2025 through September 2026, low-carbon sources supplied about 42% of Estonia’s electricity consumption, while net imports covered almost 41% and fossil fuels supplied about 18%. Wind contributed 15%, solar 14%, and biofuels 12%, making up nearly all the domestic low-carbon share. Within the fossil share, oil supplied roughly 2% and coal about 1%, with other fossil sources accounting for the remainder. Imports were almost as large as domestic clean electricity generation, but their low-carbon or fossil composition is not specified.

Is Electricity Growing in Estonia?

The latest figures do not show Estonia reaching new heights in electricity consumption or low-carbon generation per person. In 2026, electricity consumption was about 6,160 kWh per person, roughly 5,530 kWh—or 47%—below the historic peak of 11,690 kWh in 1986. Low-carbon electricity generation was about 2,570 kWh per person, around 54 kWh, or 2%, below its 2025 record. These comparisons do not establish the latest year-on-year trend in total consumption, but the small decline from the clean electricity record is disappointing: Estonia needs growing low-carbon output to support electrification and future electricity demand.

Suggestions

Estonia should expand wind and solar, which already make substantial contributions, while considering nuclear power as another source of clean electricity. Nearby Lithuania, where wind generates 41% of electricity, and Denmark, where it generates 59%, offer relevant examples for further wind development. For solar, Estonia can study deployment approaches in Germany’s wider clean electricity transition and, more directly from the supplied solar figures, North Macedonia, where solar supplies 40% of electricity, while adapting lessons to Estonia’s conditions. Finland is an especially relevant nuclear example: nuclear supplies 37% of its electricity, while Sweden obtains 25% from nuclear. Combining expanded wind and solar with nuclear development, stronger grids, and storage could increase domestic low-carbon generation and reduce reliance on fossil electricity and imports.

History

Estonia’s low-carbon electricity history shows an early phase led by biofuels, followed by increasingly strong wind and solar growth. Biofuel generation rose by a combined 0.9 TWh across the listed increases in 2009, 2010, and 2012, before falling by 0.3 TWh in 2013. Further biofuel gains followed in 2016–2018, while wind fell by 0.1 TWh in 2016 and recovered by the same amount in 2017. In 2020, growth broadened: biofuels added 0.3 TWh, and wind and solar each added 0.2 TWh. Solar continued growing in 2022 and 2023 despite declines in biofuel generation. The strongest recent momentum came in 2024 and 2025, when wind added a combined 0.7 TWh and solar added 0.6 TWh—encouraging gains that Estonia should build on.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Oct 2025 – Sep 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.