From November 2025 through October 2026, low-carbon sources supplied about 42% of Estonia’s electricity consumption, while net imports accounted for another 41% and fossil generation supplied roughly 17%. Wind contributed about 16%, solar 14%, and biofuels 12%. Together, these clean domestic sources supplied slightly more electricity than net imports. The imported electricity’s generation mix is not specified, so it cannot be classified here as either low-carbon or fossil.

Is Electricity Growing in Estonia?

The latest figures do not show Estonia reaching new heights in electricity consumption or clean generation per person. In 2026, electricity consumption stood at about 6,040 kWh per person—roughly 5,650 kWh, or 48%, below the historic record of 11,690 kWh in 1986. Low-carbon electricity generation reached about 2,520 kWh per person, around 100 kWh, or 4%, below its 2025 record. These comparisons show a substantial gap from peak consumption and a recent setback in clean generation, although they do not establish the year-to-year trend in total consumption. Expanding clean electricity supply is important for supporting future electrification and growing demand from AI.

Suggestions

Estonia should build on its existing wind and solar generation while considering nuclear power as another source of low-carbon electricity. Nearby Lithuania generates about 43% of its electricity from wind, and Denmark about 58%, offering relevant examples for further wind expansion. Hungary’s solar share of about 24% demonstrates the potential for solar to contribute substantially more than Estonia’s current share. For nuclear development, Estonia can learn from Finland, where nuclear supplies about 36% of electricity, and Sweden, where it supplies a quarter. Drawing on these regions’ experience could help Estonia expand clean domestic generation, reduce reliance on fossil electricity and imports, and support rising electricity demand.

History

Estonia’s recorded low-carbon electricity gains initially came mainly from biofuels: generation increased by a combined 0.9 TWh across 2009, 2010 and 2012, before falling by 0.3 TWh in 2013. Further biofuel gains followed in 2016–2018, while wind’s 0.1 TWh decline in 2016 was reversed in 2017. In 2020, growth broadened, with biofuels adding 0.3 TWh and solar and wind each adding 0.2 TWh. Solar added another 0.2 TWh in 2022, despite declining biofuel generation in 2022 and 2023. The strongest recent momentum came in 2024–2025, when wind added a combined 0.7 TWh and solar 0.6 TWh—a welcome expansion of clean electricity. The listed change for 2026 is a 0.1 TWh decline in biofuel generation; renewed growth in wind and solar, alongside planning for nuclear, would help sustain Estonia’s clean electricity progress.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Nov 2025 – Oct 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.