In Namibia, the state of electricity consumption in 2023 shows a significant reliance on net imports, accounting for more than half of the electricity supply at close to 60%. Meanwhile, low-carbon sources make up about 40% of the country's electricity mix, with hydropower contributing the majority at approximately 28%. Solar energy, another low-carbon source, adds around 11%, reflecting an impressive uptake and important role in the nation's green energy portfolio. However, the continued heavy dependence on imports may pose challenges to energy security and sustainability.
Is Electricity Growing in Namibia?
Examining the trend of electricity growth in Namibia, there is a concerning decline in per capita consumption. The latest figures indicate a consumption rate of 1566 kWh per person, which is a significant drop of 307 kWh per person from the record high in 2014. This downward trend is mirrored in the low-carbon sector, where the current generation of 624 kWh per person signifies a notable decrease of 309 kWh per person from the peak in 1991. These reductions are worrisome as they suggest a stagnation in energy development, underscoring a need for strategic action to reignite growth, especially in sustainable and clean electricity.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Namibia could focus on expanding its successful solar initiatives further. Drawing inspiration from regions with successful clean energy practices, countries like Greece, with 25% of its electricity from solar, and Chile, with 23%, serve as excellent examples for Namibia to emulate, thanks to similar sunny climates. Additionally, the integration of nuclear energy, as seen in France where it accounts for nearly 70%, could offer a stable and reliable complement to intermittent solar sources. Wind energy, although not directly reflected in Namibia's current list, has also proven effective in states such as Iowa and South Dakota, each generating over 60% of their electricity from wind. By learning from these regions, Namibia can enhance its energy security and move towards a more sustainable and self-reliant electricity future.
History
Historically, the development of low-carbon electricity in Namibia, particularly through hydropower, has experienced fluctuations. In the mid-1990s, there were alternating periods of growth and decline, notably with a decrease in 1994 and growth following in 1995. The early 21st century saw modest gains, while the years 2013 and 2018 witnessed notable declines. More recently, from 2020 to 2023, we see some recovery with gains in hydroelectric generation, alongside the introduction and expansion of solar generation. This pattern indicates a need for more consistent investment and expansion, emphasizing solar and potentially looking towards stable nuclear options to avoid the volatility that has affected the nation’s energy landscape.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.