Electricity in Uzbekistan in 2022

As of 2022, electricity consumption in Uzbekistan predominantly relies on fossil energy, with a substantial 89% of its electricity generated from fossil fuels. Gas is overwhelmingly the primary source, contributing to 84% of the electricity mix. In contrast, low-carbon energy sources account for only about 6% of electricity generation, primarily from hydropower, which itself constitutes approximately 6% of the total mix. Coal also plays a smaller role, contributing almost 3% to the overall generation. Additionally, the nation relies on net imports for nearly 5% of its electricity needs. This significant dependence on fossil fuels poses challenges in terms of air pollution and climate change implications, emphasizing the need for a transition towards cleaner energy solutions for sustainable growth.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Uzbekistan can consider investing in nuclear, wind, and solar technologies. Drawing from global examples, countries with similar climatic and geographical conditions have transitioned successfully to low-carbon options. For instance, Armenia and Slovakia generate 30% and 60% of their electricity, respectively, from nuclear power, showcasing the potential for nuclear energy to significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, countries like Lithuania and Uruguay have leveraged wind energy for approximately one-third of their electricity needs. Uzbekistan can learn from these successes by developing policies that incentivize investments in low-carbon energy infrastructure, gradually shifting its electricity mix towards a more sustainable model.

History

Historically, Uzbekistan's low-carbon electricity generation has experienced fluctuations, particularly in hydropower. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were noticeable increases, with 1987 and 1990 observing increases of 2.2 TWh and 1.1 TWh, respectively. However, this was followed by periods of decline, such as significant decreases in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2020, where generation fell by 3.5 TWh, 4.3 TWh, 2.5 TWh, and 1.5 TWh, respectively. These fluctuations indicate a volatile reliance on hydropower alone, emphasizing the need for diversification into other low-carbon energy sources like nuclear, wind, and solar. This diversification can provide a more stable and sustainable electricity generation system, aligning with global efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and foster energy security.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources