As of 2023, Uzbekistan's electricity generation relies heavily on fossil fuels, notably gas, which constitutes over three-quarters of its electricity mix. Fossil fuels account for about 87% of the total electricity generated. In contrast, low-carbon or clean energy sources contribute close to none, around 9%, with hydropower being the dominant low-carbon energy source at around 8%. Coal plays a smaller role, making up only 7% of the generation. Additionally, a modest portion of electricity, close to 4%, is imported from other regions to meet demand. The prevalent reliance on fossil fuels not only impacts the carbon footprint but also highlights the urgent need to diversify into more sustainable electricity sources.

Data sources used on this page include Ember, Energy Institute and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Uzbekistan?

Electricity consumption in Uzbekistan has seen a decline compared to its historical peak. In 2023, per capita electricity consumption is approximately 2221 kWh, a significant decrease from the previous high of 2892 kWh in 1987, representing a drop of 672 kWh per person. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity has decreased since its peak in 1988 from 368 kWh per person to the current 198 kWh per person, a reduction of 170 kWh per resident. These figures indicate a concerning decline in both overall and clean energy usage, calling for an urgent strategy to boost electricity production, particularly from low-carbon sources.

Suggestions

To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Uzbekistan can look towards successful examples in other regions where nuclear and solar energy have played transformative roles. Particularly noteworthy for Uzbekistan are European countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy surpasses 65% of electricity generation, demonstrating the substantial role nuclear can play in providing clean, reliable power. Moreover, the expansion of solar energy, as seen in regions like Nevada and Lebanon where solar power constitutes around one-third of their electricity generation, presents a viable strategy for Uzbekistan, given its sunny climatic conditions. Emulating these models can help Uzbekistan transition to a more sustainable and independent electricity landscape.

History

Historically, Uzbekistan has experienced fluctuating progress in the realm of low-carbon electricity, notably in hydropower generation. The late 1980s saw an initial boost, with 1987 marking a significant increase of 2.2 TWh in hydroelectric output. However, the 1990s through the early 2000s ushered in a period of volatility with numerous ups and downs, such as a stark decline of 3.5 TWh in 2000. Despite some recovery in the mid-2000s, output remained inconsistent, peaking occasionally only to be followed by declines, as seen with the 4.2 TWh drop in 2006. The recent slight rebound since 2020 highlights the potential for revitalizing hydro alongside other low-carbon sources. To ensure a reliable and sustainable electricity supply, it is crucial for Uzbekistan to stabilize and expand its low-carbon electricity generation capacities.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade