Electricity in Uzbekistan in 2022

In 2022, electricity consumption in Uzbekistan was heavily reliant on fossil fuels, particularly gas, which generated over 66 TWh of the total 69.78 TWh from fossil sources, while coal contributed a smaller share of 2.22 TWh. Low-carbon electricity sources, primarily hydropower, produced just under 5 TWh. Net imports accounted for an additional 3.59 TWh. This results in a per capita electricity consumption that is significantly lower than the global average of 432 watts per person, suggesting that Uzbekistan could be experiencing economic and developmental constraints due to limited electricity generation. Low electricity supply often hampers industrial activity, limits residential access to modern amenities, and can constrain overall economic growth.

Suggestions

To elevate its low-carbon electricity generation, Uzbekistan can turn to solar and wind energy, as well as considering nuclear energy. The People's Republic of China has seen substantial success with wind (886 TWh) and solar (584 TWh), while the United States has a strong nuclear energy program generating 775 TWh. India’s additional focus on solar (113 TWh) and wind (82 TWh) could provide pertinent insights given its similar developmental context. Uzbekistan can benefit from a diversified low-carbon strategy, combining solar and wind with nuclear energy to ensure a reliable, sustainable, and green electricity supply. Learning from these countries, investing in modern infrastructure, and creating supportive policy frameworks can be pivotal for Uzbekistan's energy transition.

History

Historically, Uzbekistan has experienced fluctuations in hydroelectric power generation. The late 1980s saw significant changes, with an increase of 2.2 TWh in 1987, followed by a sharp decline in 1989. The 1990s experienced similar variability with smaller increases, and in 2000, there was a notable decrease of 3.5 TWh. The early 2000s saw some recovery with increases in 2002, 2003, and 2005 but were interspersed with declines, like the significant drop of 4.3 TWh in 2006. The last couple of decades included inconsistent patterns, with short-term gains often offset by declines, as seen in 2011 (-2.5 TWh) and 2018 (-2 TWh). To stabilize and grow its low-carbon production, Uzbekistan should take persistent action to develop a more resilient and diversified clean energy portfolio.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources