In 2022, electricity production in New Caledonia predominantly came from fossil sources, which accounted for almost three-quarters of the total, with coal alone making up more than a third of the energy mix. Low-carbon energy sources contribute to roughly a quarter, with hydropower being the main clean energy source, making up close to a fifth of electricity generation. Solar energy follows as a significant clean resource, providing almost a tenth. Wind power, however, contributes close to none, with only a small fraction of the electricity mix. The high dependence on fossil fuels necessitates a shift towards more sustainable practices to mitigate climate change and environmental pollution.
Is Electricity Growing in New Caledonia?
Despite a recent increase in low-carbon generation, the total electricity consumption per person in New Caledonia has declined since reaching a peak in 2018. In 2022, each person consumed around 10,762 kWh, a decrease of about 1,582 kWh per person compared to the 2018 record. However, this decrease masks some optimism as low-carbon electricity production reached its highest on record in 2022, at 2,821 kWh per person, rising by 542 kWh from the previous high in 2021. This signifies that while overall electricity consumption has fallen, efforts to increase clean energy have begun to bear fruit.
Suggestions
To further enhance low-carbon electricity generation, New Caledonia can draw lessons from other countries leading in clean energy. France, with a strong emphasis on nuclear energy, generates more than half of its electricity this way, indicating a reliable and sustainable option. Denmark and Ireland's significant reliance on wind energy also offers a model for expanding wind capacity. Additionally, Cape Verde, with a similar island geography, demonstrates that wind can be successfully integrated, accounting for over a tenth of its electricity. By focusing on similar low-carbon strategies and fostering investment in nuclear and solar infrastructure, New Caledonia has the potential to substantially increase its sustainable electricity share.
History
Over the past two decades, New Caledonia has seen varied progress in low-carbon electricity, particularly in hydropower. In the early 2000s, hydroelectric production was stable, with minor fluctuations until the mid-2010s, which saw more noticeable yet irregular changes. A consistent positive trend is notable in recent years, with increases in hydroelectricity observed in 2021 and 2022, each adding 0.1 TWh. Moreover, solar energy began emerging as a player in 2019, with additional increments recorded in 2022. While this indicates progressive growth in clean electricity, continued focus on developing nuclear and solar capacities is essential for a robust shift away from fossil fuels.