As of 2025, electricity consumption in Georgia displays a significant inclination towards low-carbon sources, with over three-quarters of its electricity coming from clean energy. Hydropower is the most dominant, contributing nearly three-quarters to the low-carbon footprint. Fossil fuels, using gas as a primary source, account for roughly 19% of the total consumption. While this reliance on fossil fuels is not negligible, it contrasts starkly with the overwhelming predominance of low-carbon generation. Additionally, Georgia supplements its electricity needs with net imports, which constitute slightly over 7% of the total, reflecting an external dependency that might need addressing if self-sufficiency and sustainability are prioritized.
Data sources used on this page include Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Georgia?
Examining recent trends, Georgia's current electricity consumption stands at approximately 3913 kWh per person, marking a slight decrease from its peak in 2022 by just 3 kWh per person. This stagnation suggests a minor contraction rather than growth, which could be a concern regarding meeting future demand. More worrisome is the dip in the generation of low-carbon electricity, which has seen a reduction of nearly 100 kWh per person from its highest record in 2024. Such a downturn in clean energy production is troubling, indicating potential obstacles that could hinder Georgia's aspirations to enhance low-carbon consumption, a vital move necessary for combating climate change and reducing reliance on pollution-heavy fossil fuels.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Georgia can look towards successful examples from other regions. France and Slovakia's considerable investment in nuclear energy, where it constitutes two-thirds of their energy mix, showcases the reliability and scale that nuclear power can offer. Similarly, Denmark and Iowa demonstrate the efficacy of wind power, contributing around 60% and 58% respectively. Georgia might also explore expanding solar energy capabilities, following in the footsteps of North Macedonia or even the sun-rich state of California, which both generate substantial fractions of their electricity from solar power. By diversifying and enhancing its energy strategy through nuclear and solar energy adoption, Georgia can further its commitment to green energy, ensuring a sustainable and resilient future for its electricity infrastructure.
History
Historically, the journey of low-carbon electricity in Georgia has been predominated by hydropower, with various ebbs and flows over the decades. The early 1990s saw a decline in hydroelectric generation, but subsequent years, including 2002, 2007, and 2021, experienced notable increases. However, these gains were intermittently offset by declines, such as those in 2011, 2019, and most recently in 2025, signifying inconsistent progress. While these fluctuations depict the inherent volatility and seasonal dependency of hydropower, they underscore the pressing need to stabilize and enhance low-carbon generation by augmenting hydropower with more consistent low-carbon sources like nuclear and solar energy. Georgia's energy history highlights both the potential and the necessity to transition towards a more stable and robust low-carbon energy infrastructure.
