The current state of electricity consumption in Sierra Leone shows a significant reliance on low-carbon sources, though the levels of consumption are very low. With nearly all its electricity coming from low-carbon sources, such as solar and hydro energy, Sierra Leone is moving in the right direction in minimizing the use of fossil fuels, which contribute to climate change and pollution. However, the total electricity consumption per person in Sierra Leone is just 25 kWh, which is significantly lower than the global average of 3,794 kWh/person. This vast difference highlights the limitations Sierra Leone faces in terms of economic development and modernization, as insufficient electricity can hold back technological and industrial advancement, affecting economic growth and quality of life.

Is Electricity Growing in Sierra Leone?

Electricity generation in Sierra Leone has not shown consistent growth over recent years, as evidenced by recent trends. In 2023, the total electricity consumption per person fell to 25 from a previous high of 36 kWh/person in 2018. Similarly, low-carbon electricity reached 24 kWh/person, slightly down from the 2019 peak of 25 kWh/person. This decline in electricity generation, especially from low-carbon sources, is a matter of concern, suggesting a need for immediate strategic interventions to revitalize electricity generation and ensure consistent growth to meet rising energy demands.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Sierra Leone could take lessons from successful regions that excel in solar and nuclear energy. For instance, the People's Republic of China has made substantial strides with its solar and wind energy capacities, generating 1,266 TWh and 1,140 TWh respectively, showing the potential of solar expansion in sunny climates. Likewise, nuclear energy offers a stable and significant power supply, as demonstrated by countries like the United States and France. Investing in both solar and nuclear technologies could greatly enhance Sierra Leone's energy security and sustainability, enabling the country not only to meet its current electricity needs but also to prepare for future growth in demand prompted by industries such as AI and digitalization.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity in Sierra Leone has been relatively stagnant, primarily due to its predominant reliance on hydroelectric power with little change over the years. For over a decade, from 2001 to 2016, hydroelectric generation remained unchanged. Only in 2010 did Sierra Leone show a marginal increase of 0.1 TWh, reflecting sluggish progress. The more recent years, such as 2017 and 2023, saw minor forays into solar energy; however, these efforts did not significantly enhance overall generation capacity. The stagnant progression in low-carbon energy development is disheartening and underscores the urgency for Sierra Leone to focus on diversifying and expanding its clean energy portfolio, leveraging both solar and nuclear technologies to ensure robust and sustainable electricity growth.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade