Sierra Leone's electricity consumption in 2023 stands at 25 kWh per person, which is significantly below the global average of 3771 kWh per person. The vast majority, nearly all, of this electricity is generated from low-carbon sources, specifically hydroelectricity. However, this low level of electricity generation per capita suggests limited access to power, which can hinder economic growth, education, healthcare, and quality of life. People may rely on inefficient and polluting fossil fuels for their energy needs, contributing to climate change and local air pollution, which poses health risks and environmental challenges.
Is Electricity Growing in Sierra Leone?
Examining the trend in electricity consumption in Sierra Leone raises concerns. The electricity consumption per capita peaked at 36 kWh in 2018 and has since decreased to 25 kWh in 2023. Low-carbon electricity, primarily from hydro, reached a record of 25 kWh per person in 2019 and has slightly declined to 24 kWh in 2023. This recent downturn indicates a stagnation or decline, which is alarming given the global shift towards increasing electricity accessibility and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Sierra Leone can draw inspiration from regions excelling in solar and nuclear energy. For instance, the People's Republic of China and the United States have made tremendous strides in solar and nuclear energy generation, achieving 1213 TWh and 785 TWh, respectively. Countries with significant success in solar energy such as India and Brazil might offer valuable insights into maximizing solar potential in Sierra Leone, given similar sunny climates. By investing in infrastructure and policies that promote solar and considering the potential for nuclear as a long-term, stable source, Sierra Leone can enhance its clean energy capacity and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
History
The historical record of low-carbon electricity generation in Sierra Leone predominantly reflects the use of hydropower. From 2001 to 2019, hydroelectricity consistently accounted for close to all low-carbon output, with no notable increases except a marginal boost in 2010. In 2017, there was an introduction of solar energy, although its growth remains stagnant as of 2023. This slow progression signals a pressing need to diversify and expand into additional low-carbon technologies such as solar and nuclear to avoid future energy shortages and ensure electrical resiliency. By learning from regions that have successfully prioritized low-carbon solutions, Sierra Leone could chart a path toward sustainable energy growth and development.
