Currently, Iraq's electricity consumption relies heavily on fossil fuels, which account for nearly all the electricity generated, with gas being the dominant source, contributing to more than half of the total. Low-carbon or clean energy is barely present, representing just over 1% of the electricity mix. This reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns due to their significant impact on climate change and air pollution. Net imports make up a small fraction, slightly above 2%, showing limited external dependence. In sum, Iraq's electricity sector is overwhelmingly driven by fossil energy, with minimal low-carbon contributions.

Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Iraq?

Electricity consumption in Iraq is on an upward trajectory, with the latest figures showing an increase. In 2023, the electricity usage reached 3404 kWh per person, surpassing the previous record in 2022 of 3118 kWh per person. This growth of 286 kWh indicates a positive trend in electricity accessibility or demand. However, the situation regarding low-carbon electricity is less encouraging. Its current generation level, at 39 kWh per person, is considerably lower than the 2006 peak of 213 kWh. This decline by 174 kWh underscores a missed opportunity in expanding clean energy, an area that should be of growing importance given the global focus on reducing carbon footprints.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Iraq can look to successful regions for inspiration, notably in solar and nuclear energy. Countries like North Macedonia and Lebanon show promise in solar energy adoption with significant contributions to their electricity mixes, suggesting a pathway for solar development in Iraq. On the nuclear front, countries such as France and Slovakia serve as models, with over 60% of their electricity coming from nuclear power. Adopting a similar approach, Iraq could significantly expand its clean energy portfolio. By investing in both solar and nuclear infrastructure, Iraq could reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and take a meaningful step toward a sustainable energy future.

History

Historically, Iraq's low-carbon electricity has seen variability, primarily in hydroelectric generation. In the early 1990s, there were fluctuations with an increase in 1990, followed by a decline in 1991. The mid-2000s saw a brief resurgence in hydroelectricity up to 2005, after which it faced declines and occasional modest gains. The period from 2019 onwards experienced sporadic changes, with a notable increase in 2019 but generally declining in the years that followed. The limited and inconsistent development of low-carbon electricity, notably the major declines in recent hydroelectric output, emphasize the need for a diversified and robust strategy to ensure sustainable and reliable clean energy growth in Iraq.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade