Electricity in Iraq in 2023
Iraq’s electricity consumption in 2023 heavily relies on fossil fuels, with nearly all electricity generated from these sources. More than half of the country's electricity is derived specifically from gas, indicating a predominant reliance on fossil energy. Low-carbon sources contribute a negligible portion, representing only about 1% of the total electricity generation, highlighting a stark imbalance in the energy mix. Furthermore, net imports make up a small fraction, accounting for roughly 2% of electricity consumption. This heavy dependence on fossil fuels not only impacts the environment adversely but also poses significant challenges for the country's energy security and sustainability in the long run.
Is Electricity Growing in Iraq?
In 2023, Iraq's electricity usage per person increased to 3,404 kWh, marking a notable rise from the 2022 figure of 3,118 kWh per person. This increase suggests a positive trend in electricity consumption, indicating growth in the country's electricity demand. However, a concerning aspect is the stagnation in the development of low-carbon electricity generation. The per capita low-carbon electricity output stands at 39 kWh in 2023, which is a decline from the highest recorded figure of 213 kWh in 2006. This reduction is troubling and suggests a need for significant policy and infrastructural changes to bolster low-carbon energy production, particularly given the rising demand for electricity.
Suggestions
To boost its low-carbon electricity generation, Iraq should consider investing in solar and nuclear energy, taking cues from successful international examples. Countries like France and Slovakia lead the way in nuclear energy, generating more than 60% of their electricity from this clean energy source. Meanwhile, Lebanon's solar energy success is notable, as a significant portion of its electricity derives from solar sources, making it a relevant reference for Iraq. Similarly, wind energy in Denmark and Iowa, where more than half of the electricity comes from wind, demonstrates the potential of diversifying the energy mix. Iraq, with its sunny climate, could particularly capitalize on solar energy while exploring nuclear energy development to achieve a more balanced and sustainable energy portfolio.
History
Looking at the history of low-carbon electricity generation in Iraq, hydroelectric power has been the primary low-carbon source. The late 1980s saw moderate growth with a noticeable increase in 1987, while the early 1990s witnessed a decline. A significant upswing occurred in 2005, although subsequent years have been characterized by fluctuation with a general downward trend, especially after 2010. Recent years, including the 2020s, have shown more declines than gains in hydroelectric output, punctuated by minor additions from solar power starting in 2020. This erratic and predominantly downward trajectory in low-carbon electricity generation underscores the urgency for Iraq to diversify and enhance its capacity in this sector, with solar and nuclear energy as prime candidates for sustainable growth.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.