As of 2023, Guinea generates more than three-quarters of its electricity from low-carbon sources, with hydropower accounting for almost all of this clean energy. Specifically, Guinea produces around 3.03 TWh of low-carbon electricity, the majority of which is derived from hydropower, while fossil fuels contribute approximately 1.02 TWh to the total electricity generation. Despite this significant reliance on clean energy, the country's per capita electricity consumption is only 281 kWh, considerably lower than the global average of 3781 kWh per person. This disparity indicates that Guinea's overall electricity generation is inadequately meeting its population's needs, potentially hindering economic growth and development due to limited access to reliable power.
Is Electricity Growing in Guinea?
However, Guinea's electricity consumption shows a slight decline. In 2023, the per capita electricity consumption dropped to 281 kWh from 285 kWh in 2022, marking a decrease of about 3 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity saw a reduction from 212 kWh in 2022 to 210 kWh in 2023 per person. These figures suggest a stagnation in Guinea's electricity growth, especially in the clean energy sector, which is crucial for sustainable development. The lack of growth could impede the country's ability to support increased electrification and emerging technologies, which are vital for future prosperity.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Guinea can draw lessons from regions that have successfully harnessed solar and nuclear power. For instance, the significant achievements of China and India in solar power demonstrate the potential of solar energy as a viable option for Guinea, given its comparatively favorable geographic conditions for solar energy. Simultaneously, exploring the integration of nuclear energy could provide a reliable and consistent electricity supply, as evidenced by countries like the United States, which has achieved a substantial output of 778 TWh through nuclear energy. Both solar and nuclear are key to reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing overall electricity generation in Guinea.
History
Historically, low-carbon electricity generation in Guinea has predominantly been centered on hydropower. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the increase in hydropower generation was steady but modest, with incremental rises noted in various years such as 1983, 1997, and 1999. Entering the 21st century, fluctuations were evident, including slight decreases in 2003 and 2005, offset by increases in subsequent years like 2004. With significant strides made in recent years, such as the marked increase of 1.2 TWh in 2021, Guinea's hydropower capacity has shown growth potential, though 2023 saw stabilization with no net change. As Guinea moves forward, sustaining and expanding these gains will be crucial in bolstering its clean energy transition.