Bhutan is a remarkable example in the world in terms of clean electricity consumption, with more than 93% of its electricity coming from low-carbon sources, specifically hydropower. This reliance on sustainable and green energy is a commendable achievement, showing Bhutan's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint and contributing to global environmental goals. Although a small portion, close to 7%, of Bhutan's electricity is met through net imports, the predominant use of low-carbon energy underscores its leadership in sustainable electricity generation. Moving forward, the challenge for Bhutan will be to expand its clean electricity supply to electrify other sectors such as transport, heating, and industry, which will significantly increase electricity demand.
Is Electricity Growing in Bhutan?
Electricity consumption in Bhutan is on a gradual upward trend. In 2023, the country recorded a total electricity consumption of approximately 15,247 kWh per person, which is slightly more than its previous record in 2021 by about 223 kWh per person. This indicates a modest growth in overall electricity usage. However, when focusing on low-carbon electricity generation, which reached 14,191 kWh per person in 2023, there is a small decline compared to the 2020 record of 14,766 kWh per person. Despite this dip in clean electricity generation, the overall increase in electricity consumption is a positive indicator of Bhutan's growing energy demands and its potential for expanding sustainable electricity sources to meet this future demand.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, Bhutan could consider diversifying its energy mix by integrating other clean energy sources like solar and nuclear. While hydropower remains a dominant force, investing in solar energy can harness Bhutan’s potential for high solar insolation and provide a reliable supplementary source of power, particularly in areas less accessible to hydropower infrastructure. Exploring nuclear energy as a stable and efficient source could further strengthen Bhutan's ability to generate clean electricity and provide energy security. By expanding into these low-carbon technologies, Bhutan can ensure a resilient and growing supply of clean electricity to support electrification and economic development.
History
Reflecting on the historical track record of low-carbon electricity in Bhutan, the country has experienced various phases of growth, particularly noted in the early 2000s. The years 1996, 2002, and 2003 saw steady increases, before a small decline in 2004. A remarkable surge occurred between 2006 and 2007, with an increase of almost 4 TWh in total, showcasing a strong expansion in hydropower capabilities. However, from 2011 to 2018, hydropower generation experienced some fluctuations, with significant declines in 2011 and 2012, and another downturn in 2014 and 2017. These challenges in consistency appear to have been overcome by 2019 and 2020, which saw substantial growth, with a significant increase of 4.5 TWh during those years. In 2023, the generation saw another increase, indicating a continued push toward growing its low-carbon electricity capabilities. Through consistent investment and strategic expansion, Bhutan can maintain and elevate its role as a leader in clean electricity generation.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.