Currently, Bangladesh's electricity consumption is predominantly reliant on fossil fuels, with nearly 86% originating from such sources. Gas constitutes the largest contribution at almost 46%, followed by coal at nearly 28%. These numbers indicate a heavy dependence on fossil energy, which raises environmental concerns due to its significant carbon emissions. Only a meager 2% of Bangladesh's electricity comes from low-carbon or clean sources, where solar energy barely exceeds the 1% mark. Net imports also play a noteworthy role, accounting for close to 12% of the electricity. The current scenario underscores a pressing need to shift towards more sustainable energy sources to mitigate climate change and reduce air pollution.

Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Bangladesh?

Analyzing the trends in electricity consumption in Bangladesh, we observe a decline, with the latest figures showing usage at 575 kWh per person, a noticeable drop from the 2022 peak of 649 kWh per person. This reduction of 74 kWh per person is concerning, as electricity is crucial for economic growth and development. However, there is a silver lining within the domain of low-carbon electricity; it has grown by 3 kWh per person, from 9 kWh in 2022 to 12 kWh presently. This increment, albeit small, represents positive progress towards enhancing low-carbon energy production. It is essential to expedite this growth as the demand for clean energy rises, alongside development goals and environmental commitments.

Suggestions

To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Bangladesh can draw lessons from successful regions. Given the suitability of solar energy in Bangladesh due to its tropical climate, emulating regions like Nevada, Lebanon, and Greece, where solar power generation reaches around 31-33%, could be highly beneficial. Moreover, while Bangladesh doesn't have a longstanding history of nuclear energy, looking at countries like France, where nuclear energy accounts for a significant 70% of electricity generation, might inspire similar endeavors. These examples demonstrate that significant reliance on solar and nuclear energy is not only feasible but can also bestow energy security and sustainability.

History

Reviewing the history of low-carbon electricity generation in Bangladesh reveals a predominantly hydro-focused past. From the early 1980s to the late 2010s, hydroelectric output fluctuated marginally, with occasional increases and declines, indicating no substantial growth trend. However, a positive shift is evident in the recent years with the addition of solar energy, first noted in 2022, and further progressing in 2024. The gradual development of solar power, alongside modest hydro increases, signals a promising start towards establishing a diversified, clean electricity base. Realizing the full potential of clean energy will require sustained investment and policy support to harness available natural resources effectively.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade