In 2025, electricity consumption in North Macedonia comprises various sources, categorized into fossil and low-carbon energies. Fossil fuels account for a little more than a third of the total electricity, predominantly driven by coal, contributing nearly a quarter, and gas, providing around one-tenth. Low-carbon energy sources make up approximately 30% of the electricity consumption. Among these, hydropower is the most significant, contributing close to a sixth, with solar energy following at about 8%, and wind adding roughly 4%. The remainder of the country's electricity needs, over a third, is met by net imports. While efforts are apparent in diversifying energy sources, the strong reliance on fossil fuels indicates ongoing challenges in transitioning to low-carbon energy.
Data sources used on this page include ENTSOE and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in North Macedonia?
The overall electricity consumption in North Macedonia in 2025 stands at 4195 kWh/person, representing a decline from the record high of 4624 kWh/person in 2011. This reduction of 429 kWh/person suggests a decrease in electricity consumption over the years. However, when examining low-carbon electricity, there is a positive trend, as the latest generation figures reached 1261 kWh/person, surpassing the previous record set in 2023 by 65 kWh/person. While the overall electricity consumption appears to be declining, the steady growth in low-carbon electricity is promising for a more sustainable future, showing momentum in clean energy generation.
Suggestions
To further enhance low-carbon electricity generation, North Macedonia can take inspiration from other regions. For instance, countries like France and Slovakia have successfully integrated nuclear power, which contributes to over 60% of their electricity needs. Meanwhile, Denmark and Iowa prominently harness wind power, accounting for over half of their electricity consumption. By investing in both solar and nuclear energy, areas where North Macedonia has room for significant growth, the country could reduce its fossil fuel dependency and subsequently mitigate the negative effects of climate change and air pollution. These strategies offer actionable models for transitioning towards a greener electricity grid and achieving energy self-sufficiency.
History
Looking back, the history of low-carbon electricity generation in North Macedonia shows substantial fluctuations, primarily in hydropower. The 1990s and early 2000s witnessed several ups and downs, with notable increases in specific years such as 1991 and 2003, followed by declines in the following years. A significant surge in 2010 was reversed the year after. The last few decades have seen more consistent growth, particularly since 2015, though with occasional setbacks. Solar energy, contributing positively since 2023, has shown potential for expansion. While there have been challenges, the overall trajectory reflects an ongoing commitment to increasing low-carbon electricity capacity, with the introduction of solar as a complementary source to hydropower.
