In 2022, electricity consumption in Mauritania relied predominantly on fossil energy, with slightly more than half of its electricity, around 59%, generated from these sources. Low-carbon, or clean energy sources, constituted a notable portion, supplying over a fifth of the country's electricity. Within this low-carbon category, hydropower, solar, and wind made specific contributions. Hydropower accounted for roughly 10% of the electricity supply, indicating a significant role among low-carbon sources. Solar energy provided close to 7%, and wind contributed nearly 5%. Additionally, net imports played a critical role in the country's electricity mix, constituting almost 19% of the total supply. These figures signify Mauritania's ongoing efforts to shift towards cleaner electricity, even as challenges remain.
Is Electricity Growing in Mauritania?
Electricity consumption in Mauritania is exhibiting signs of gradual growth. In 2022, the consumption per person reached 414 kWh, an increase from the previous record of 402 kWh per person in 2020. This rise indicates that electricity demand is on the rise, albeit modestly, emphasizing the need for infrastructure improvements and expansions. Conversely, low-carbon electricity generation per person has seen a slight decline. The latest figures show a generation of 92 kWh per person from these sources, a drop from the 2019 record of 105 kWh per person. This decline in low-carbon electricity generation is concerning and underscores the importance of prioritizing the expansion of clean energy sources to sustain the growing demand.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Mauritania can draw lessons from regions that have successfully developed their solar and wind energy sectors. Looking at countries like Denmark, where wind power contributes more than half of the electricity supply, or Lebanon, with solar generating almost a third, provides insights into harnessing similar renewable potential. Mauritania can expand its solar and wind capacities by focusing on strategic investment and favorable policies. Additionally, exploring nuclear energy, as seen in France, where it forms a substantial part of the electricity mix, can diversify and stabilize Mauritania's clean energy supply. Hence, focusing on a blend of technology—advancing both solar, wind, and nuclear energy—will equip Mauritania to transition smoothly towards a sustainable, low-carbon electricity future.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Mauritania shows a more fluctuating pattern. Throughout the early 2000s, hydropower additions were virtually stagnant. Notable gains in wind energy appeared in 2015, registering a modest growth, and solar made its significant entry through small-scale additions around 2018. However, hydropower faced a minor setback in 2016 with a decline, hinting at challenges in maintaining consistent clean energy output. After 2021, despite the limited wind power installations, the records displayed no new significant gains in these sectors. To address these inconsistencies and leverage future opportunities, Mauritania needs strategic planning and robust policy frameworks to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation sustainably. Such efforts will ensure a resilient, clean energy infrastructure that meets growing demands and environmental standards.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.