Electricity in Switzerland in 2024

Switzerland has achieved a remarkable milestone in 2024, generating 100% of its electricity from low-carbon sources. This impressive achievement is fueled predominantly by hydropower, which accounts for almost half of the electricity generated, and nuclear power, contributing more than 40%. Solar energy, while smaller in share, also plays a critical role, providing a little over 8% of the electricity. Additionally, Switzerland stands out as a significant net exporter of electricity, which positively impacts neighboring countries by helping reduce their emissions. The next strategic challenge for Switzerland involves expanding electricity's role beyond just lighting our homes and offices to powering transport systems, heating solutions, and industrial processes, which will necessitate a considerable increase in electricity demand.

Suggestions

To meet the anticipated growth in electricity demand while maintaining its low-carbon status, Switzerland could consider expanding its nuclear capacity. This energy source, already a substantial contributor to the electricity mix, provides a stable and reliable output that complements the intermittent nature of solar energy and balances seasonal variation in hydropower. Investment in new nuclear technologies, or the enhancement of existing facilities, could significantly increase electricity generation capacity while maintaining low emissions. Additionally, advancing solar technology installations, possibly including agrivoltaic systems over dual land-use areas, can further diversify and secure the energy supply.

History

Reflecting on Switzerland's history in low-carbon electricity, hydropower experienced fluctuations, notably in the 1980s and the following decades. The mid-1980s saw a drop in hydroelectric generation, with a noteworthy decrease of around 5.3 TWh in 1984, recuperated over the next decade through gradual increases. Meanwhile, the introduction and expansion of nuclear power in the mid-80s marked a turning point, boosting electricity generation by over 4 TWh in 1985. Moving into later years, the country saw significant ups and downs in its hydroelectric output, with notable leaps in 2007 and 2012 but also facing downturns in years like 2022 and a substantial decline in 2024. However, nuclear energy remained a stalwart, offsetting some challenges presented by hydro variability, exemplified by notable increases of 4.5 TWh in 2006 and 4.6 TWh in 2022, thereby maintaining a consistent low-carbon electricity supply for the nation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources