As of 2022, electricity consumption in Haiti remains one of the lowest globally at 88 kWh per person annually, which is dramatically behind the global average of around 3,781 kWh per person. More than three-quarters of Haiti's electricity generation relies on fossil fuels, while low-carbon sources contribute only a small fraction of the power supply, producing about 17 kWh per person. This limited electricity generation is concerning as it could hinder economic growth, access to modern technology, and overall quality of life. Low availability and reliability of electricity may further exacerbate obstacles in healthcare, education, and industrial development, posing challenges that need urgent attention.
Is Electricity Growing in Haiti?
Recent trends suggest that electricity generation in Haiti is unfortunately on a decline. In 2012, Haiti recorded its highest electricity consumption at 109 kWh per person, suggesting a reduction of roughly 21 kWh per person by 2022. Additionally, the country has seen a significant drop in its low-carbon electricity generation from its peak of 69 kWh per person in 1990, down to 17 kWh in 2022. This continued decline in both total and clean electricity consumption is discouraging, as it not only delays the transition to a sustainable energy future but also leaves the country vulnerable to the negative impacts of reliance on fossil fuels.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Haiti can look to successful regions that have developed robust solar and nuclear power infrastructures. Countries like India and the People's Republic of China serve as a model, with solar electricity generation of 150 TWh and 890 TWh, respectively, demonstrating the vast potential of solar energy. Similarly, nuclear energy, with high yields in countries such as the United States and France, which generate 781 TWh and 363 TWh respectively, can offer a reliable and clean power source for Haiti. By investing in and adopting policies that favor solar and nuclear development, Haiti can significantly augment its electricity capacity, thereby ensuring a more sustainable future.
History
Historically, Haiti has experienced minor fluctuations in its low-carbon electricity generation, primarily from hydroelectricity, with modest increments during the 1970s and 1980s. Throughout these decades, increases were limited to small additions like 0.1 TWh in sporadic years. The pattern of minor increments persisted into the early 21st century, with occasional decreases. Although the early 1990s presented a peak, 1991 and subsequent years witnessed slight reductions. The recent uptick in 2022 signifies a potentially positive shift, yet the overall history of low-carbon electricity generation in Haiti remains one of marginal gains. This history highlights the critical need to diversify into more resilient and higher-yield low-carbon options such as solar and nuclear to secure more sustainable energy progress.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.