As of 2022, Haiti's electricity consumption remains notably low, with the average person using just 88 kWh annually. This level of consumption is significantly below the global average of 3813 kWh per person. Most of Haiti's electricity is generated through fossil energy, contributing heavily to climate change and air pollution, while low-carbon energy accounts for a minor share. Specifically, clean energy sources in Haiti, such as hydroelectric power, only contribute to about 17 kWh per person annually. The stark contrast between Haiti's electricity use and the global average indicates potential challenges in economic growth, education, and healthcare, as communities may lack reliable power for schools, hospitals, and businesses.
Is Electricity Growing in Haiti?
Over the past decades, Haiti has experienced a decline in electricity consumption. The 2022 figures showcase a roughly 21 kWh per person decrease from the peak achieved back in 2012. Similarly, clean electricity generation has seen a drastic decrease from its highest point in 1990, when low-carbon sources provided 69 kWh per person, underscoring a decline of more than 50 kWh per person. These reductions highlight worrying trends and call for urgent action to revitalize the electricity sector, with an emphasis on expanding clean energy to enhance sustainability and meet growing demands.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Haiti can draw lessons from other countries, prioritizing solar and potentially exploring nuclear options. Countries like India have experienced success in solar power generation, producing 134 TWh, which shows the potential for significant electricity output in regions with abundant sunshine. Brazil, with its wind energy achievements (108 TWh), demonstrates that leveraging natural resources effectively can substantially boost green electricity generation. By investing in solar and possibly nuclear infrastructure, as well as implementing supportive policies and incentives, Haiti can lay the groundwork for sustainable energy growth, fostering environmental benefits and energy security.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Haiti, primarily through hydroelectric power, reveals a series of ups and downs over the decades. During the late 20th century, small increases were observed in several years, such as 1972, 1986, 1988, and 1990, with minor contributions of 0.1 TWh. However, years like 1991, 1994, 1997, and notably from 2007 to 2013, witnessed negative growth, with declines in hydroelectric output, indicating a lack of sustained investment into this clean energy type. More recently, years like 2017, 2018, and 2022 saw slight positive changes, pointing towards a marginal recovery. Despite these fluctuations, the overall trajectory suggests a lack of commitment to expanding clean energy at scale, highlighting missed opportunities for energy security and climate benefits. To rejuvenate its energy landscape, Haiti must prioritize significant investment in expanding low-carbon energy capacity.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.