As of 2024, electricity consumption in Mongolia heavily relies on fossil fuel sources, especially coal, which alone contributes to over two-thirds of the total electricity generation. Fossil fuels altogether account for approximately 72% of Mongolia's electricity consumption. Meanwhile, clean energy sources, categorized as low-carbon energy, contribute a modest portion to the nation's electricity profile, accounting for roughly 8%. Within this low-carbon segment, wind power is the most significant source, generating slightly more than two-thirds of the clean energy share. Solar power supplements this with close to 2%. The remainder of Mongolia's electricity consumption is met by net imports, which make up over 20% of the total.

Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Mongolia?

Electricity consumption in Mongolia has been experiencing a slight increase. The average electricity usage per person has grown to 3036 kWh, a modest rise from the previous high of 2946 kWh per person in 2023, indicating an increase of 90 kWh per person. However, a concerning trend is observed in the clean energy sector. While total electricity consumption is on the rise, the per-person generation of low-carbon electricity has decreased from the record high in 2021, dropping to 232 kWh per person from 249 kWh. This reduction in the clean energy contribution to total use is a worrying sign for Mongolia’s energy transition goals and should be addressed promptly.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Mongolia can take cues from regions with successful clean energy implementations. Countries and states like Denmark and South Dakota, which rely heavily on wind, show that Mongolia’s existing wind resources could be further developed. Implementing more solar power infrastructure is also promising, with regions like California achieving over 30% solar energy share. Furthermore, exploring nuclear energy could provide a stable and significant low-carbon power source, as demonstrated by countries like France and Slovakia, which have significantly boosted their clean energy share by investing in nuclear facilities. By increasing efforts in these areas, Mongolia could dramatically reduce its dependence on coal and imported electricity, ensuring a greener and more self-reliant energy future.

History

Mongolia's journey with low-carbon electricity generation has seen some developments over the years, though they have been modest and inconsistent. Recording no change in hydroelectric power since 2009, the country made its initial foray into wind energy in 2013-2014 with minor gains, and despite some setbacks, wind power has incrementally improved. Solar energy started contributing to Mongolia's power mix in 2017, yet its growth remains limited. The last few years show only fractional increases, occasionally marred by minor declines. Moving forward, a committed investment in expanding both solar and wind capabilities, alongside exploring new ventures like nuclear energy, could mark a pivotal enhancement in Mongolia’s energy reformation, enabling a steadfast transition towards a cleaner, sustainable electrical framework for future generations.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade