In 2023, electricity consumption in Turkmenistan is overwhelmingly reliant on fossil fuels, with almost all of it, specifically close to 100%, being supplied by gas. The contribution of low-carbon or clean energy to the electricity mix is virtually non-existent, highlighting a significant reliance on fossil sources for power generation. Such dependence not only limits diversification but also raises concerns about sustainability and environmental impact due to the absence of green energy sources like solar or nuclear in the country's current energy portfolio.

Data sources used on this page include Ember, Energy Institute and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Turkmenistan?

Electricity consumption in Turkmenistan has shown very modest growth, with the figures for 2023 slightly surpassing the previous record set in 2022. In 2023, the average electricity consumption was 4,588 kWh per person, marking a modest increase of 79 kWh per person from the previous year. However, the generation of low-carbon electricity has significantly decreased compared to the historic record from 1990, showing a worrying decline of 185 kWh per person. This stark decrease in clean electricity generation could hinder sustainable growth and the country’s future energy security.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Turkmenistan can take inspiration from regions that have succeeded in integrating solar, nuclear, or wind energy. France and Slovakia, for instance, have achieved significant portions of their electricity from nuclear sources, reaching more than two-thirds in their case, demonstrating how effective and reliable nuclear power can be in achieving a cleaner energy mix. On the solar front, countries like Spain and California lead with notable shares of about 20-30%. By investing in both nuclear and solar technologies, Turkmenistan can diversify its energy sources, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and contribute to global efforts to minimize climate change impacts and air pollution.

History

Historically, Turkmenistan's low-carbon electricity generation, primarily from hydroelectric sources, experienced slight fluctuation in the late 1980s and early 1990s but has been stagnant since then. In 1990, hydroelectric output increased by 0.7 TWh, but this was followed by a decline of the same amount in the subsequent year. Since 1992, there have been no reported changes in hydroelectric generation, highlighting a lack of progress in the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The absence of innovation and expansion during these periods suggests missed opportunities for diversification and sustainable growth in the electricity sector. Turkmenistan needs to urgently re-evaluate its energy strategy to enhance its clean energy capacity to keep pace with global trends and meet future demand.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade