Electricity in Sri Lanka in 2023/2024

Over the past 12 months, from July 2023 to June 2024, Sri Lanka's electricity consumption has shown a noteworthy distribution between low-carbon and fossil sources. More than half of the electricity, approximately 54%, comes from low-carbon sources, primarily hydropower, which contributes to roughly one-third of the total at 33%. Wind and solar energy also play significant roles in low-carbon electricity generation, accounting for about 10% and 9% respectively. In contrast, fossil fuels still power 46% of the country’s electricity, with coal alone being responsible for nearly 30% of it. Despite the commendable share of clean energy, there remains a substantial reliance on fossil fuels, highlighting a potential area for further improvement in terms of sustainable energy development.

Suggestions

To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Sri Lanka could look to countries that have successfully integrated significant shares of clean energy. For instance, Greece and Chile have effectively harnessed solar energy to cover more than 20% of their electricity needs. Implementing similar solar projects could be beneficial for Sri Lanka, given its geographical potential for solar power. Moreover, Sri Lanka could draw inspiration from Denmark and Lithuania, where wind power comprises 59% and 34% of electricity generation, respectively. The addition of wind projects could complement the existing renewable infrastructure. Additionally, though Sri Lanka does not currently use nuclear energy, exploring this option could be advantageous, as seen in countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power accounts for up to 68% and 60% of their electricity needs. Such diversified low-carbon strategies would reduce Sri Lanka's reliance on fossil fuels, mitigating climate change and improving air quality.

History

Historically, Sri Lanka has seen fluctuations in hydropower generation. In the 1980s, hydropower saw small increments, like in 1984 and 1993. However, the 1990s and early 2000s came with noteworthy declines, such as in 1996 and 2000, where droughts possibly impacted water resource availability. The following years witnessed periodic increases, with notable surges in 2010 and 2013. More recently, between 2018 and 2021, hydropower demonstrated variability with some significant ups and downs, yet it was balanced in 2023 with a surge of solar energy production. This solar addition is a promising development, indicating diversification in Sri Lanka’s strategy towards achieving a more robust low-carbon electric grid. The introduction of wind power in 2024 is also a positive step. Moving forward, Sri Lanka's focus on harnessing its biodiversity of clean energy sources such as wind and solar, life, with the potential exploration into nuclear energy, aligns well with trends seen globally and can ensure sustainable, environmentally-friendly electricity generation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources