Electricity in Sri Lanka in 2023
As of 2023, Sri Lanka's electricity consumption is evenly split between low-carbon and fossil energy sources. With low-carbon energy making up approximately 50% of the electricity mix, the country is notable for its significant use of clean energy. More than a third of the electricity consumed comes from hydropower, showcasing the country's abundant water resources. Solar energy contributes to about 10% of the electricity generation, while wind energy adds around 5%. This balanced distribution highlights Sri Lanka's commitment to clean energy, although fossil fuels still constitute nearly half of the electricity generation, posing challenges in terms of climate change and air pollution.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Sri Lanka can focus on expanding its solar energy capabilities, given its existing infrastructure and climate suited for solar power. Additionally, learning from countries with robust low-carbon electricity models could be invaluable. For instance, Lebanon, which derives over 30% of its electricity from solar power, and Chile, with 22% solar energy generation, exemplify successful solar energy utilization. Furthermore, Sri Lanka could gain insights from Denmark, where wind energy contributes over half of its electricity generation, showing the potential of diversifying clean energy sources. Emulating such strategies can propel Sri Lanka further towards sustainable and eco-friendly electricity consumption.
History
Historically, hydropower has played a crucial role in Sri Lanka's low-carbon electricity generation. The early years, particularly in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, witnessed modest gains, with increases of around 0.9 TWh. During the 2000s, fluctuations became apparent, with both gains and declines, including notable drops in 1996 and 2012. However, 2013 marked a significant upturn with an increase of 3.6 TWh in hydropower generation. In recent years, the trend has continued with mixed results but a notable increase in 2018 and a recovery in 2021. Importantly, 2023 saw a further boost in low-carbon energy with a 1 TWh rise in solar power and a slight increase in hydropower, underscoring Sri Lanka's ongoing progress in the clean energy sector.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.