As of 2024, Sri Lanka's electricity consumption presents a noteworthy balance between low-carbon and fossil energy sources. More than half of the electricity comes from clean sources, with hydropower accounting for a significant 37% of the mix. Solar energy contributes almost 14%, which is substantial, while wind energy provides a modest 4%. Meanwhile, fossil energy still constitutes nearly 45% of the total electricity generation, underscoring an ongoing reliance on conventional energy sources. This indicates that while Sri Lanka is making strides in green energy adoption, there remains a crucial need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are known contributors to climate change and air pollution.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember, Energy Institute and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Sri Lanka?
The per capita electricity consumption in Sri Lanka has shown an increase, suggesting growth in the sector. In 2024, consumers used 818 kWh per person, which shows a rise from the 771 kWh recorded in 2021. This change signifies a boost of 48 kWh per person over the historic record. Particularly notable is the growth in low-carbon electricity consumption, which rose from 381 kWh per person in 2021 to 451 kWh per person in 2024, marking an increase of 71 kWh. This pattern indicates a positive trajectory towards more sustainable electricity consumption in the country, addressing both the growing energy demands and the need for environmental responsibility.
Suggestions
To further increase low-carbon electricity generation, Sri Lanka should continue expanding its solar capacity which already contributes significantly to the grid. Learning from regions like North Macedonia and California, where solar energy contributes about a third of their electricity, Sri Lanka can leverage its abundant sunlight for further solar power development. Additionally, exploring nuclear energy could provide a stable and substantial boost to the clean energy mix, similar to countries like Slovakia or France where nuclear accounts for more than half of their electricity generation. Such strategies will bolster Sri Lanka's energy stability, sustainability efforts, and assist in reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
History
Examining the history of low-carbon electricity in Sri Lanka, hydropower has seen fluctuations throughout the years. Starting with gradual increases in the '80s and early '90s, the late '90s and early 2000s witnessed declines. There were significant upswings, such as in 2013, when hydropower saw substantial growth. Recent years have introduced solar and wind into the mix, with both contributing new capacity in 2022 and 2024. These developments indicate an ongoing transformation in Sri Lanka's energy landscape, towards a more diversified and low-carbon electricity system. Continuing these efforts will ensure a stable and environmentally friendly electricity supply for the future.
