In 2022, French Polynesia's electricity consumption was dominated by fossil fuels, with over two-thirds (66.2%) coming from these carbon-intensive sources. On the low-carbon front, the region made some progress, generating approximately a third (33.8%) of its electricity from clean sources. Hydropower was the leading low-carbon contributor, accounting for almost 27% of the electricity consumption, while solar power provided just over 7%. This reliance on fossil fuels poses significant challenges, but the presence of clean energy, though smaller, indicates potential for a more sustainable future.

Is Electricity Growing in French Polynesia?

Despite ongoing efforts, electricity consumption in French Polynesia has decreased compared to past highs. By 2022, electricity consumption per person was 2,533 kWh, a decline from the 2010 peak of 2,920 kWh per person. This reduction of 387 kWh highlights an area for concern. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation fell from 998 kWh per person in 2010 to 856 kWh in 2022, marking a decrease of 142 kWh. This downward trend underscores a critical need for the growth of sustainable energy initiatives to meet future demand and environmental goals.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, French Polynesia could look towards regions that have successfully embraced such technologies. The state of Nevada, for instance, generates 35% of its electricity from solar power, while California follows closely at 31%. These examples underscore the potential for solar power in regions with abundant sunlight, such as French Polynesia. Meanwhile, although not feasible everywhere, incorporating nuclear power as seen in countries like France (67%) and Slovakia (66%) could provide a consistent and reliable low-carbon energy source. By learning from these regions, French Polynesia can accelerate its transition to a more sustainable electricity system.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity in French Polynesia has seen moments of stagnation, particularly concerning hydropower. From 2001 to 2022, periods like the early 2000s and into the 2010s saw minimal changes in hydropower output, with brief spikes and declines but largely stable over two decades. Solar energy gains have also been modest without significant expansion since its introduction in 2011. This stagnation signals missed opportunities for more pronounced transitions to cleaner electricity sources, which could have mitigated reliance on fossil fuels. Moving forward, French Polynesia must prioritize diversifying its clean energy investments to pave the way for a greener energy landscape.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade