In 2022, Nepal's electricity consumption was marked by a strong reliance on low-carbon sources, with almost all its electricity coming from hydropower, generating over 10 TWh. This represents a significant commitment to green energy, accounting for more than half of the country's total electricity generation. However, despite this positive development, Nepal's electricity consumption per capita was around 377 kWh, which is much lower than the global average of 3662 kWh per person. This discrepancy indicates that many Nepalese communities may not have access to sufficient electricity, potentially affecting economic development and access to modern conveniences that depend on reliable power.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Nepal?
Nepal is experiencing a gradual growth in electricity consumption, highlighted by an increase from 362 kWh per person in 2021 to 377 kWh per person in 2022. This growth is primarily driven by the expansion in low-carbon electricity production, which increased from 327 kWh to approximately 360 kWh per person. The additional 33 kWh through clean energy contribution represents a healthy increase and a positive step towards increased energy resilience, yet the overall consumption increase of only 14 kWh per person indicates more progress is needed to meet future energy demands.
Suggestions
To elevate its low-carbon electricity generation, Nepal could take cues from several regions that have successfully diversified their energy portfolios. Solar energy's success in regions like China and the United States, generating 1170 TWh and 381 TWh, respectively, provides a robust model for replication. Additionally, nuclear power has played a critical role in countries such as the United States and France, generating 784 TWh and 373 TWh, respectively. By developing infrastructure and policy frameworks to support solar and nuclear power, Nepal can strengthen its energy security and sustainability while minimizing reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute to climate change and air pollution.
History
Looking back at the history of low-carbon electricity in Nepal, hydropower has shown consistent contributions since 1990, typically adding between 0.2 and 0.4 TWh annually. The most notable increases occurred in 2016 and 2019, with significant contributions of 0.8 TWh and 1.2 TWh, respectively. The recent surge in 2021 marked the largest single-year increase to date, adding 3.4 TWh in hydropower generation. Despite a minor decline in 2015, the overall trajectory has been upward, demonstrating Nepal's dedication to expanding its clean energy infrastructure. This historical perspective underscores the potential for continued growth and the benefits it could bring in addressing energy shortages and environmental challenges.
