Electricity in Nepal in 2022

In 2022, Nepal generated a total of approximately 11 TWh of electricity, with more than 80% coming from low-carbon sources like hydropower. Hydropower alone accounted for nearly 10 TWh, while net imports made a relatively small contribution of 1.25 TWh. Although the nation enjoys a predominantly clean electricity sector thanks to extensive hydropower use, the overall electricity consumption remains much lower than the global average, with the country's electricity usage less than a third of the 3606 watts per person world average. These low levels of electricity generation could constrain Nepal's socioeconomic development, limiting its capacity for modernization and leading to continued reliance on traditional and inefficient energy uses that may exacerbate environmental and health issues.

Suggestions

To further bolster its clean electricity capacity, Nepal could look to successful examples from other countries. For instance, India, which generates a significant amount of electricity from wind and solar power, could serve as a model for diversifying Nepal's energy mix beyond hydroelectric power. The country could consider investing in solar technology, echoing China's impressive generation of 653 TWh from solar sources. Additionally, the development of wind energy might be facilitated by examining the strategies employed by Brazil and the United Kingdom, where wind energy contributes significantly to their low-carbon electricity generation. Moreover, embracing nuclear energy could bring robust and reliable green electricity to Nepal, similar to the success seen in Japan, South Korea, and India, providing a stable backbone for their clean energy systems.

History

Historically, Nepal's journey toward a low-carbon electricity sector has largely focused on developing its hydroelectric capacity. The early 1990s saw gradual increases, predominantly through steady and small increments in hydroelectric power generation. The late 1990s and early 2000s showcased intermittent yet consistent growth, despite occasional setbacks such as the minor decline in 1997. Significant progress was noted between 2000 and 2014, marking quarter-TWh increases most years. The pace accelerated in the late 2010s, with 2019 witnessing a notable surge of 1.3 TWh, further climaxed by a remarkable 3.4 TWh increase in 2021. This historical progression underscores Nepal's shift toward incorporating abundant hydropower, cementing its commitment to clean energy while indicating the potential for further diversification and growth.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources