In 2024, Kyrgyzstan's electricity consumption showed a significant reliance on low-carbon sources, with more than two-thirds of its electricity being generated from hydropower. This underscores the country's commitment to clean energy, a commendable step in reducing its carbon footprint. Net imports contributed to almost one-fifth of the electricity supply, highlighting a dependence on external sources. Meanwhile, fossil energy, primarily coal, accounted for a little over a tenth of the electricity used. This relatively small share of fossil fuels is positive for reducing emissions, yet the presence of coal-based generation reflects room for further improvement in shifting entirely to cleaner options.
Is Electricity Growing in Kyrgyzstan?
Analyzing the electricity consumption trend, it appears that there is potential for growth in Kyrgyzstan's electricity usage. The per capita electricity consumption in 2024 was 2963 kWh, which, although respectable, still lags behind the historic high of 3528 kWh per person in 1990. This represents a reduction of 565 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation stood at 2003 kWh per person, which also remains below its peak from the year 2000 by 693 kWh per person. These figures indicate a gap in meeting past achievements, suggesting that efforts are needed to rekindle growth in electricity consumption and particularly in clean energy production.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Kyrgyzstan can draw valuable lessons from countries with similar contexts that have successfully harnessed clean energy. For instance, while nuclear energy is not currently part of Kyrgyzstan's mix, lessons could be learned from nearby countries like Armenia, where nuclear energy comprises 30% of its electricity. Additionally, solar power—which has shown promising results in regions with ample sunlight, like Lebanon with its 31% from solar—presents an untapped opportunity for Kyrgyzstan. Exploring both nuclear and solar options could reliably boost the country's clean electricity output, supporting both energy independence and environmental goals.
History
Kyrgyzstan's history of low-carbon electricity generation primarily revolves around hydropower, with various fluctuations observed over the years. In the early 1990s, there were notable changes with a decrease in 1992, followed by increases in 1994 and 1996, only to face declines again in the late 1990s. The 2000s saw a similar pattern of variability, with periods of growth interspersed with declines, notably in 2008 when hydropower saw a significant drop. More recently, in the 2010s and early 2020s, the country once again experienced ups and downs in hydroelectric generation. However, 2024 marked a positive shift with a 2.4 TWh increase, suggesting a resurgence and reflecting potential for further enhancing its low-carbon electricity capacity.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.