As of 2024, Kyrgyzstan's electricity consumption predominantly relies on low-carbon sources, with more than half, or specifically about 68%, of its electricity coming from hydropower. While this is a commendable reliance on clean energy, it's noteworthy that the country still relies on net imports for almost a fifth of its electricity. Fossil fuels, particularly coal, account for a smaller fraction, making up approximately 13% of the electricity mix. This places Kyrgyzstan in a strong position in terms of low-carbon energy generation, yet there is room for growth, particularly in diversifying the types of clean energy used.
Is Electricity Growing in Kyrgyzstan?
Despite this significant share of low-carbon energy, Kyrgyzstan's overall electricity consumption is currently in a state of decline, as evidenced by the 2024 per capita consumption of 2896 kWh, which is a notable decrease of 631 kWh compared to the historic peak in 1990. Furthermore, low-carbon electricity generation has also seen a downturn, with current levels at 1958 kWh per person, marking a 738 kWh decrease from the peak recorded in 2000. These figures highlight a concerning trend of declining electricity consumption, raising alarms about the need for targeted measures to boost both overall consumption and specifically low-carbon electricity generation as Kyrgyzstan aims to support economic growth and energy independence.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Kyrgyzstan can look towards successful examples from other regions. Countries like France and Ukraine demonstrate the potential of nuclear energy, with nuclear accounting for 68% and 55% of their electricity, respectively. Similarly, favorable conditions for wind energy can be observed in places like Iowa and Denmark, with wind contributing over 50% to their electricity generation. Kyrgyzstan may consider investing in both nuclear and solar energy to solidify its clean energy foundation. Regions like Nevada and Lebanon showcase the viability of solar energy, contributing around 27% and 31% respectively. By adopting a diversified strategy that includes both a commitment to developing solar and nuclear capabilities, Kyrgyzstan can build a more robust and resilient energy sector.
History
Looking back at the history of low-carbon electricity in Kyrgyzstan, several fluctuations are seen in hydropower generation over the decades. In the 1990s and early 2000s, there were both notable increases and decreases, such as a significant rise of 2.6 TWh in 1994 and declines like that of 0.9 TWh in 1992. Although there were challenging years with decreases, surges like the 3 TWh increase in 2011 and the recent rise of 2.4 TWh in 2024 demonstrate the potential for growth in hydropower. By recognizing these patterns and optimizing them with strategic investments, Kyrgyzstan can further enhance and stabilize its low-carbon electricity generation, ensuring a sustainable future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.