In 2022, the state of electricity consumption in Lesotho was quite modest, with an average consumption of 398 kWh per person. This level is significantly lower than the global average of 3,771 kWh per person. Clean, low-carbon energy sources contribute almost half of the electricity generated in Lesotho, primarily from hydroelectric power. Fossil fuels account for the remainder of the electricity consumed. The low levels of electricity generation may lead to challenges in meeting the increasing energy demands of the population and the economy. It can limit economic opportunities and affect the quality of life by restricting the use of modern technologies and appliances which depend on reliable electricity supply.
Is Electricity Growing in Lesotho?
From 2010 to 2022, electricity consumption in Lesotho has seen a decline. In 2010, the total consumption was at a peak of 446 kWh per person, indicating a decrease by 48 kWh per person in 2022. The low-carbon electricity generation has also decreased dramatically, from a peak of 346 kWh per person in 2010 to 210 kWh per person in 2022, reflecting a decrease of 136 kWh per person. This stagnation and decline in both total and low-carbon electricity consumption are concerning because they suggest that Lesotho is not keeping pace with the possible future demand for electricity.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Lesotho can take inspiration from regions that have excelled with solar and wind energy. Countries like China and India have made significant advances in solar electricity generation, with China producing 1,213 TWh and India generating 182 TWh of solar electricity. Texas has notably contributed 132 TWh through wind energy, while the United Kingdom adds 95 TWh through wind efforts. These examples emphasize the potential for Lesotho to harness its abundant sunlight and wind resources to elevate solar and wind energy generation. Furthermore, considering nuclear power as a future option, like the efforts seen in countries such as the United States and France, could provide a stable and continuous supply of low-carbon electricity.
History
Historically, Lesotho has focused on hydroelectric power for clean energy. In the early 2000s, the country saw steady albeit modest increases in hydroelectric power generation, with periodic yearly growth such as an additional 0.1 TWh in 2000 and 2005. However, notable declines occurred in certain years, including a decrease of 0.2 TWh in 2011 and a smaller reduction in 2019 by 0.1 TWh. Overall, this shows a lack of consistent growth in harnessing hydro resources over the decades. More recent years, particularly 2022, indicate a return to decline, calling for a redirection towards a more diverse and resilient low-carbon energy portfolio, such as nuclear and solar, to ensure a sustainable and reliable energy future for Lesotho.
