Lesotho’s electricity consumption in 2022 stood at approximately 398 kWh per person, which is quite modest compared to the global average of around 3,813 kWh per person. The low-carbon electricity generation, accounting for more than half of the electricity consumed, is primarily derived from hydroelectric sources, with fossil fuels contributing the remaining proportion. Despite this reliance on clean energy, the overall low level of electricity production could impede economic development and living standards. A limited electricity supply can restrict access to technology and modern amenities, highlighting the need to boost electricity generation to power homes, industries, and innovative sectors effectively.
Is Electricity Growing in Lesotho?
Assessing the growth pattern in Lesotho, the country's electricity consumption decreased from its peak of 446 kWh per person in 2010 to 398 kWh per person in 2022. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation also saw a decline from 346 kWh per person in 2010 down to 210 kWh per person by 2022. This reduction in both total and low-carbon electricity consumption is concerning, indicating a retreat rather than progress in energy development. To meet future demands and ensure sustainable growth, Lesotho must refocus efforts to expand its electricity generation, particularly through embracing more low-carbon sources.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Lesotho can learn from nations that have successfully increased their clean energy output. For instance, India and Brazil have significantly advanced their solar and wind energy sectors respectively. Solar energy, with its abundant sunshine, offers a promising opportunity for Lesotho. Investing in solar infrastructure can lead to substantial growth in sustainable energy production. Likewise, wind energy, as evidenced by successful expansion in countries like Brazil, can complement solar initiatives. By focusing on these low-carbon technologies, Lesotho can meet its energy needs while contributing to global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
History
Looking at the historical trend of low-carbon electricity in Lesotho, hydroelectric power has played a central role. From the year 2000 onwards, the country witnessed steady increments in hydroelectric generation, notably in 2000 and 2005, with increases of 0.1 TWh and 0.2 TWh respectively. However, the pattern showed periods of stagnation, with some years, like 2011 and 2019, seeing reductions. The sporadic nature of hydro output underlines the necessity for diversification into other clean energy sources like solar and nuclear to ensure consistent electricity growth. Given Lesotho’s geographical and climatic conditions, accelerating investment in these areas is essential for future energy security and economic progress.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.