In 2023, electricity consumption in Rwanda is notably low, with individuals consuming about 77 kWh each year, which is a mere fraction of the global average of 3649 kWh per person. The majority of Rwanda's electricity is generated through low-carbon sources, accounting for more than half of its total consumption, with the remaining portion likely derived from fossil fuels. Such low levels of electricity consumption can impede economic development, restrict access to quality healthcare and education, and hinder the adoption of modern technologies. Moreover, relying on fossil fuels contributes to climate change and air pollution, underscoring the necessity of increasing low-carbon energy sources.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and Enerdata. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Rwanda?
Despite a strong need for electricity growth, Rwanda has recently seen a decline. From its peak in 2019 at 81 kWh per person, consumption fell to 77 kWh in 2023, marking a decrease of 3 kWh. Low-carbon electricity generation has also diminished, with a current output of 43 kWh per person compared to the previous record of 46 kWh in 2020. This decline is concerning, as stagnation in electricity generation can stifle economic growth and inhibit efforts to reduce carbon emissions. The situation calls for a strategy to boost the growth of low-carbon electricity and make steady strides toward sustainable development.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Rwanda can look to global examples for effective strategies. Regions like China and the United States illustrate the profound impact of investing in solar and wind technologies. For Rwanda, expanding solar power capitalizes on abundant sunlight and provides a reliable and sustainable energy source. Additionally, adopting nuclear energy, as practiced in countries like France and the United States, can help meet energy demands while limiting carbon emissions. Both solar and nuclear energy can provide a clean, consistent power supply, and their strategic implementation can propel Rwanda towards a sustainable energy future.
History
Historically, Rwanda's low-carbon electricity generation has shown slow but continued growth, primarily through hydropower. Since the early 1990s, hydropower generation saw periods of stability with minor fluctuations. In recent years, increases in hydropower capacity became slightly more frequent, showing an upward trajectory, especially after 2010. The introduction of solar in 2021 marked a positive step in diversifying Rwanda's energy mix. The absence of setbacks in low-carbon development is promising, yet the progress has been marginal. By expanding into other low-carbon avenues like solar and nuclear, Rwanda can significantly bolster and secure its electricity future.
