Electricity in Eritrea in 2023
In Eritrea, electricity consumption per person currently stands at substantially low levels, around 127 kWh per person annually. This figure is significantly below the global average of 3649 kWh per person, showing that Eritrea's electricity consumption is a very small fraction of the global norm. More than half of this meager amount still comes from fossil fuels, which not only contribute to climate change and air pollution but also limit access to modern energy services that are essential for economic development. The low share of sustainable, low-carbon electricity like solar is concerning and hinders the country's potential for sustainable growth and improvement in living standards. The availability of adequate and clean electricity is crucial for improving health care, education, technology access, and economic activities.
Data sources used on this page include Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Eritrea?
Recent trends in electricity consumption suggest that Eritrea is not currently experiencing growth in this sector; in fact, the opposite is true. As of 2023, the total electricity consumption per person has decreased by 29 kWh from its previous high in 2018 of 155 kWh per person. This means the country is moving in the wrong direction, hampering efforts for electrification and sustainable development. Specifically focusing on low-carbon sources, the growth is static if not slightly declining, with the latest numbers showing 14 kWh per person compared to 15 kWh per person in 2019. This stagnation is unfortunate, as it means an already insufficient electricity system is not improving, potentially exacerbating existing socioeconomic challenges.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Eritrea should focus on expanding its solar power capabilities, as this technology is already established within the country. Drawing lessons from successful regions, Eritrea can look to countries like India and Japan, which have made significant investments in solar technology with 153 and 103 TWh respectively. Additionally, considering nuclear energy as a long-term solution could dramatically boost Eritrea's clean electricity pool, taking cues from the United States and countries like France with robust nuclear programs generating hundreds of TWh. By committing to expand solar and consider nuclear energy, Eritrea can significantly improve access to clean electricity and foster sustainable development.
History
Historically, the journey of low-carbon electricity in Eritrea has been mostly dormant. Notably, from 1997 until 2019, there was no recorded growth in either solar or wind electricity generation. This extended period of inactivity is disappointing as it suggests missed opportunities for developing sustainable and clean electricity sources that could replace fossil fuels. Emphasizing future growth in both solar and nuclear would help correct this trend and ensure that Eritrea can meet its electricity needs sustainably, protecting the environment while boosting economic and social development.
