Electricity in Eritrea in 2021
In 2021, the state of electricity consumption in Eritrea was far below the global average of 412 watts per person, with a total consumption of roughly 14 watts per person. The balance between fossil energy and low-carbon energy sources heavily leans towards fossil, with nearly 14 watts per person from fossil energies and a mere 0.32 watts per person from low-carbon sources, in this case, solar energy. Such a minimal level of electricity generation can have dire implications for the country’s development, technological progress, and quality of life. Furthermore, Eritrea does not import or export any electricity from other countries, increasing its vulnerability to energy shortages and posing considerable constraints on its economic growth.
Suggestions
Looking at the success stories from around the world, Eritrea has the potential to significantly increase its low-carbon electricity generation. Considering the country's geographical similarities with Australia, for instance, Eritrea could endeavor to harness solar energy more effectively, much like Australia's impressive yield of 147 watts per person from solar. Also, with wind resources being a natural fit for coastal countries, Eritrea could look to examples like Denmark and Ireland, who generate 369 and 258 watts per person from wind energy, respectively. However, for a more balanced and stable energy mix, Eritrea should also explore nuclear energy, similar to Sweden, France, or Finland who are reaching impressive figures over 500 watts per person from nuclear.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Eritrea has been far from progressive. From 1997 up to 2017, the efforts to produce green energy have been nearly non-existent, as evidenced by the virtually unchanging solar electricity generation throughout these years. Even the introduction of wind energy in 2008 didn't lead to any tangible results in power production. The country's persistent inability to scale up the generation of solar and wind power indicates a lack of political will, financial resources, or technical expertise, possibly all of these. The stagnant state of low-carbon energy generation in Eritrea calls for a transformative approach and a strong commitment to clean and sustainable energy pathways.