As of 2023, electricity consumption in Eritrea remains remarkably low, particularly when contrasted against global standards. The data suggest that Eritreans use approximately 127 kWh per person annually, a figure that is considerably lower than the global average of about 3,794 kWh per person. Close to none of this electricity comes from low-carbon sources, with the latest data indicating that the nation produces only 14 kWh per person from clean sources. Low levels of electricity generation can hinder economic development, constrain educational opportunities, restrict advancements in healthcare, and exacerbate poverty. The over-reliance on fossil fuels also poses environmental challenges, contributing to climate change and air pollution, which can detract from the well-being and sustainable development of the nation.

Is Electricity Growing in Eritrea?

A concerning trend in Eritrea is the decline in electricity consumption per person, falling from 155 kWh in 2018 to 127 kWh in 2023. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity per person has decreased slightly, slipping from 15 kWh in 2019 to 14 kWh in the current year. These declines reflect a broader stagnation in expanding access to sustainable energy in the country, which in turn poses challenges in keeping up with modern developmental needs and the rapid pace of technological progression seen globally. The decreasing trend is troubling as it negatively impacts the country's ability to improve the quality of life for its citizens and to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fossil fuel dependency.

Suggestions

To turn the tide, Eritrea can focus on increasing its low-carbon electricity generation by significantly expanding its solar energy capacity, building upon existing efforts. Countries like China and India have successfully harnessed solar power, generating 1266 TWh and 192 TWh respectively, setting an admirable benchmark for solar energy development. Moreover, exploring nuclear energy as a stable source of clean electricity is a viable option. Regions like the United States and France have demonstrated effective use of nuclear power, producing 792 TWh and 379 TWh respectively. Learning from such global examples can offer Eritrea a blueprint for advancing its energy infrastructure, thereby increasing the availability of clean electricity and fostering sustainable growth.

History

Throughout the late 20th century and into the early 21st century, Eritrea's trajectory in low-carbon electricity, particularly solar and wind, was marked by stagnation. From 1997 to 2010, no significant changes or advancements were evident in solar or wind electricity generation. This trend persisted through 2019, underscoring a missed opportunity for harnessing these green energy sources in a timely manner. The lack of improvement during these decades is disappointing, given the global necessity for a transition to cleaner sources and the pressing demand for increased electricity generation. A proactive shift is needed to compensate for these lost years and place Eritrea on a path towards a sustainable low-carbon future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade