As of 2022, Cape Verde relies heavily on fossil fuels, which constitute about 72% of its electricity consumption. Clean energy sources make up the remaining 28% of their electricity consumption, split equally between solar and wind energy, each providing 14%. While the presence of clean energy is not negligible, there is significant room for improvement to further reduce the island nation's dependence on fossil fuels, helping mitigate climate change impacts and air pollution.

Is Electricity Growing in Cape Verde?

The trajectory for electricity consumption in Cape Verde is currently on a growth path. In 2022, the electricity consumption per person reached 962 kWh, reflecting a positive change compared to the previous peak in 2016, where it stood at 878 kWh per person. This is an increase of 84 kWh per person, signaling an upward trend in electricity usage, which is also mirrored in the growth of low-carbon electricity generation. Specifically, the latest low-carbon electricity generation per person was recorded at 269 kWh, up 94 kWh from its previous best in 2013. These figures suggest a positive trend towards increasing clean electricity, although efforts must continue to sustain and amplify this growth.

Suggestions

To further bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Cape Verde can expand its already significant solar and wind infrastructure. Learning from global examples like Denmark, where wind accounts for a remarkable 60% of electricity generation, Cape Verde could enhance its capabilities in wind energy. Additionally, observing states like California, where solar power constitutes about 31% of electricity, and Nevada's 34% solar penetration, the island nation could intensify solar investments. While nuclear energy has not traditionally been part of Cape Verde's energy mix, exploring partnerships or technology exchanges with regions like France or states such as Illinois, where nuclear energy constitutes around 50% or more of the electricity generation, could offer pathways to diversify and increase Cape Verde’s low-carbon electricity generation.

History

Examining the history of low-carbon electricity in Cape Verde reveals a largely stagnant scenario, particularly in wind energy, which saw zero changes in generation from 2000 through 2021. Solar energy showed some activity more recently, with a small increase of 0.1 TWh in 2022. This slow growth historically underscores an urgent need for accelerated development in clean energy sectors to meet rising electricity demands and support sustainable development. Investing in solar and possibly nuclear technology could position Cape Verde toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy future, emphasizing the importance of both innovative policies and strategic investments in advancing Cape Verde's energy transition.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade