In 2023, Botswana's electricity consumption is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, with more than half of its electricity coming specifically from coal. Overall, around 57% of its electricity originates from fossil energy. On the other hand, the contribution from low-carbon energy is close to none, with solar energy, the main low-carbon source, not contributing significantly. Additionally, Botswana imports a substantial amount of electricity, accounting for a little less than half of its consumption at around 43%. This import dependence underscores the importance of diversifying Botswana's energy portfolio, making room for more sustainable and self-reliant energy solutions.

Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Botswana?

The trend in electricity consumption in Botswana reveals a decline over recent years. The latest data shows that electricity consumption is 1818 kWh per person, which is almost 200 kWh lower than the record set in 2015. This decline is concerning as it suggests a stagnation or even a decrease in Botswana's electrification and energy security, despite the unchanging output of low-carbon electricity, which remains at 4 kWh per person since its previous record in 2019. The static nature of low-carbon energy generation, while worrisome, presents an opportunity for future growth. Enhancing low-carbon electricity is essential to meet growing demands and support sustainable development.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Botswana can look to regions that have successfully harnessed solar and wind energy. For example, with Nevada generating one-third of its electricity from solar and Chile achieving almost a quarter, Botswana can similarly leverage its sunny climate to expand solar generation. Wind energy is another area of potential growth, taking inspiration from countries like Denmark and Iowa, where more than half of electricity is sourced from wind. Nuclear energy also offers a promising frontier; countries such as France and Slovakia derive a significant majority of their power from nuclear sources. By building on examples set by these regions, Botswana can not only enhance its low-carbon electricity generation but also achieve greater energy independence and sustainability.

History

The historical trend of low-carbon electricity generation in Botswana, particularly solar energy, has been stagnant over the past decade. From 2012 to 2023, solar electricity generation has seen no growth, consistently registering close to zero change each year. This prolonged period of inactivity highlights a missed opportunity in harnessing solar power, especially given Botswana's geographic advantages for solar energy production. The absence of significant growth over the years emphasizes the need for urgent and strategic investment to break this pattern and tap into Botswana's potential for clean, reliable, low-carbon electricity.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade