In 2023, Botswana's electricity consumption is predominantly driven by fossil fuels, with coal accounting for the majority at about 55% of the mix. Alongside this, almost half of the country’s electricity, at around 43%, is provided by net imports. Unfortunately, clean or low-carbon energy sources make up such a minor portion of Botswana’s energy profile that they are close to negligible, indicating a significant reliance on fossil energy. This reliance not only emphasizes a vulnerability due to dependence on imports but also underscores the pressing need for Botswana to transition towards more sustainable energy generation methods that are cleaner and more environmentally friendly.

Is Electricity Growing in Botswana?

Currently, Botswana's electricity consumption shows a troubling trend. The per capita consumption of electricity has decreased from a previous high of 2013 kWh/person in 2015 down to 1818 kWh/person in 2023. This represents a reduction of nearly 200 kWh/person. Even more concerning is the lack of growth in low-carbon electricity, remaining stagnant at 4 kWh/person since 2019. This stagnation in clean electricity generation is troubling given the global shift towards electrification and sustainable energy solutions. Botswana's decline in per capita electricity marks a significant concern that the country will lag behind in meeting future energy demands and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Suggestions

To address this pressing issue, Botswana can take inspiration from successful regions experienced in managing extensive low-carbon electricity generation. The promising potential of solar power is evident from Nevada's effective use of solar energy, generating about 35% of its electricity. Similarly, California, also leaning on solar power, generates 31% of its electricity sustainably. Moreover, nuclear energy provides an enduring backbone for clean energy solutions, as shown by countries like France, which produces a substantial 67% of its electricity from nuclear sources. By leveraging solar and potentially exploring nuclear energy options, Botswana could significantly enhance its clean energy profile, reducing its reliance on fossil fuels and imports.

History

Historically, from 2012 through 2023, Botswana has not seen any change in solar electricity generation. In fact, the output from solar energy has remained stagnant, with no increase in generation over this period. This lack of development over more than a decade highlights a missed opportunity for Botswana to harness its abundant solar resources. The absence of growth in solar energy is a significant concern, especially in an era when sustainable and clean energy is crucial for both environmental and economic resilience. This scenario suggests the need for actionable energy policies and investments aimed at promoting the adoption and expansion of low-carbon energy technologies, such as solar and nuclear, to fuel Botswana’s energy future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade