In 2023, Botswana's electricity consumption relies heavily on fossil fuels, with more than half of its electricity, specifically around 57%, coming from these sources. The dominant fossil fuel is coal, contributing to just shy of 55% of the total electricity mix. Net imports also play a substantial role, accounting for almost 43% of the electricity supply. Unfortunately, the share of low-carbon or clean electricity generation in Botswana is close to none, indicating a significant reliance on polluting energy sources that contribute to climate change and air pollution.

Is Electricity Growing in Botswana?

Over recent years, electricity consumption in Botswana has not shown encouraging growth patterns. As of 2023, electricity consumption per person has decreased to 1818 kWh, a decline from the 2015 peak of 2013 kWh per person. This decline reflects a shift in energy usage dynamics and highlights stagnation in the sector, which is concerning for future needs. Particularly in low-carbon electricity generation, Botswana has remained stagnant, with no increase in clean energy outputs since its low-carbon generation record was set in 2019. Such stagnation poses challenges for the country's future energy sustainability and environmental goals.

Suggestions

To advance its low-carbon electricity generation, Botswana could take inspiration from successful regions. Solar and nuclear energies are particularly promising. For example, Nevada has utilized solar power to supply 34% of its electricity, while Denmark harnesses wind for 60% of its energy needs. Similarly, nuclear energy has proven successful in France, where it contributes 67% of the electricity mix. By investing in solar infrastructure and exploring the potential of nuclear energy, Botswana can set itself on a path to a more sustainable and green energy future, reducing its heavy reliance on fossil fuels and paving the way for cleaner growth.

History

Looking back, Botswana's journey with low-carbon electricity, particularly solar, tells a consistent story of missed opportunities. From 2012 to 2023, solar energy remained stagnant with no reported increase in generation each year. This decade-long plateau in low-carbon advances highlights a critical period of inactivity. It underscores the need for strategic interventions and investments in expanding clean energy capacity. By learning from regions that have successfully increased their clean energy share, Botswana can shift from this historical stagnation to dynamic growth in low-carbon electricity generation, ensuring a healthier, sustainable energy future for its people.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade