In 2009, electricity consumption in Western Sahara was characterized by almost exclusive reliance on fossil fuels while generating close to nothing from low-carbon energy sources like wind or solar. This heavy dependence on fossil fuels contributes to environmental concerns, including CO2 emissions and air pollution, which impact both local and global environments. Given that average global electricity consumption per person is around 3606 watts, Western Sahara's electricity consumption is significantly lower, limiting technological development and quality of life for its residents. The minimal generation also restricts economic growth opportunities as industries lean heavily on reliable and affordable electricity.
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Western Sahara can look to countries succeeding with wind and solar energy. With vast desert landscapes, it could learn from the People's Republic of China, which leads in wind and solar power generation, producing over 950 TWh and 653 TWh respectively. Embracing a strategy similar to India, which has effectively harnessed both wind and solar resources despite having regions with low economic infrastructure, could be beneficial. Another inspiration could be Brazil, which has significantly advanced its electricity generation from wind, achieving up to 97 TWh, despite various geographical constraints similar to Western Sahara. Investing in these sustainable technologies not only facilitates economic growth but also mitigates the adverse effects of climate change.
Historically, Western Sahara has seen little evolution in low-carbon electricity generation, with negligible changes reported over recent decades. With an absence of significant projects or policies aimed at initiating or boosting green electricity, there has been no measurable increase in power from wind, solar, or nuclear sources. As the global movement towards sustainable energy grows, it is critical for regions like Western Sahara to take actionable steps toward developing low-carbon energy infrastructure. This will ensure they are not left behind in the worldwide shift towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity generation.