As of 2023, electricity consumption in Somalia is remarkably low, with the average person using only 23 kWh per year. This is vastly lower than the global average of 3771 kWh per person. Somalia relies predominantly on fossil fuels for electricity, while low-carbon energy sources account for only 4 kWh per person. The negligible contribution of clean energy, especially solar and wind, translates into more than half of the total electricity generation being dependent on fossil fuels, with the known consequences of air pollution and climate change. The limited access to electricity can hinder economic development, education, healthcare, and overall quality of life, underscoring the urgent need for infrastructure development.

Is Electricity Growing in Somalia?

Presently, electricity consumption in Somalia is not only low but has also seen a concerning decline over decades. The latest figures mark a reduction of 22 kWh per person compared to the highest recorded consumption in 1993, which was 45 kWh per person. On a slightly more positive note, low-carbon electricity generation has remained stable, with solar energy maintaining its contribution of 4 kWh per person, the same as in the previous record year, 2022. However, the stagnation in growth of clean energy efforts, combined with an overall shrinkage in total electricity consumption, points to the crucial need for efforts both to increase generation and to make it more sustainable.

Suggestions

To propel the increase in low-carbon electricity generation, Somalia should intensify its focus on expanding solar power, as it has significant potential given the region's ample sunshine. Learning from countries like China and the United States, where solar power contributes substantial amounts of green electricity, could offer valuable blueprints for development. In addition, embracing nuclear energy as a part of the clean energy mix, similar to the strategies employed by nations such as France and Russia, could further amplify Somalia's energy capacity sustainably. Through such measures, Somalia could significantly enhance its low-carbon electricity supply, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and align itself with global sustainability goals.

History

Historically, the advancement of low-carbon electricity in Somalia has experienced a period of inactivity. Since 2016, there have been no recorded increases in either solar or wind energy generation, leading to a clear flat-line in the growth of sustainable electricity over the years. The lack of progress, particularly in the recent decade, is a critical issue that must be addressed. While there have been no setbacks in nuclear energy given its absence, the stagnation is concerning and stands in contrast to the significant strides seen globally in clean energy adoption. This highlights the urgent necessity for Somalia to initiate and expand investment in low-carbon technologies in order to reverse this trend and meet future electricity demands.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade