La electricidad baja en carbono se refiere a la energía generada a través de tecnologías que emiten una cantidad mínima de dióxido de carbono (CO2) a la atmósfera. Este tipo de energía proviene principalmente de tres fuentes: nuclear, eólica y solar. Cada una contribuye de manera significativa a las bajas emisiones de carbono en el sector de la energía , en comparación con las alternativas de combustibles fósiles como el carbón, el gas y el petróleo, que tienen altas intensidades de carbono.
Para generar electricidad baja en carbono, se emplea una variedad de tecnologías que aprovechan el viento, el sol y la fisión nuclear. La fisión nuclear genera calor que se utiliza para crear vapor, el cual mueve una turbina y genera electricidad. Por otro lado, la energía eólica utiliza turbinas que se activan con el viento para producir electricidad, y los paneles solares capturan la radiación solar y la convierten en energía eléctrica.
Uno de los principales beneficios de la electricidad baja en carbono es su baja intensidad de carbono. La energía nuclear tiene una media de 12gCO2eq/kWh, la energía eólica 11gCO2eq/kWh y la solar 45gCO2eq/kWh. Estas cifras son significativamente más bajas que las de los combustibles fósiles como el carbón, gas y petróleo que tienen una intensidad de carbono de 820gCO2eq/kWh, 490gCO2eq/kWh y 650gCO2eq/kWh respectivamente.
A nivel mundial, la electricidad baja en carbono está generando el 39.64% de toda la electricidad consumida. Hay países donde casi toda la electricidad consumida proviene de fuentes de energía baja en carbono. En Islandia y Noruega, el 100% y 99% de la electricidad respectivamente se generan a partir de tecnologías bajas en carbono. En Suecia, el 95% de la electricidad es baja en carbono, mientras que en Canadá y Finlandia esta cifra es del 82% y 90% respectivamente. Estas estadísticas demuestran que una transición hacia un sistema de energía limpio y sostenible es factible y beneficiosa.
País/Región | Vatios por persona | % | TWh |
---|---|---|---|
Islandia | 6115.3 W | 100.0% | 19.8 TWh |
Noruega | 3188.3 W | 99.0% | 150.9 TWh |
Suecia | 1613.5 W | 95.3% | 147.9 TWh |
Canadá | 1506.2 W | 81.9% | 503.4 TWh |
Finlandia | 1435.3 W | 90.5% | 69.6 TWh |
Bután | 1321.4 W | 100.0% | 9.0 TWh |
Groenlandia | 1014.4 W | 83.3% | 0.5 TWh |
Nueva Zelanda | 844.5 W | 88.2% | 38.0 TWh |
Francia | 798.1 W | 93.7% | 451.1 TWh |
Paraguay | 751.1 W | 100.0% | 44.1 TWh |
Austria | 708.8 W | 86.0% | 55.4 TWh |
Suiza | 624.0 W | 100.0% | 47.5 TWh |
Eslovenia | 589.1 W | 77.0% | 10.9 TWh |
Estados Unidos | 587.2 W | 40.4% | 1733.6 TWh |
Bélgica | 570.2 W | 71.2% | 58.0 TWh |
Eslovaquia | 528.9 W | 85.2% | 25.2 TWh |
Dinamarca | 528.8 W | 82.9% | 27.1 TWh |
Corea del Sur | 498.6 W | 38.4% | 226.4 TWh |
España | 484.0 W | 77.4% | 201.3 TWh |
Chequia | 453.8 W | 57.3% | 41.8 TWh |
UE | 452.7 W | 69.7% | 1765.0 TWh |
Laos | 448.3 W | 73.0% | 29.2 TWh |
Australia | 434.6 W | 37.7% | 98.7 TWh |
Portugal | 420.0 W | 65.5% | 37.9 TWh |
Países Bajos | 402.6 W | 51.4% | 61.7 TWh |
Bulgaria | 398.0 W | 60.5% | 24.0 TWh |
Alemania | 396.4 W | 61.4% | 289.6 TWh |
Montenegro | 373.7 W | 56.4% | 2.1 TWh |
Albania | 358.3 W | 100.0% | 9.0 TWh |
Chile | 348.2 W | 65.7% | 59.5 TWh |
Islas Feroe | 345.2 W | 38.1% | 0.2 TWh |
Guayana Francesa | 342.0 W | 66.0% | 0.7 TWh |
Brasil | 338.4 W | 92.0% | 635.3 TWh |
Georgia | 333.2 W | 72.1% | 11.0 TWh |
Rusia | 330.1 W | 37.0% | 419.6 TWh |
Uruguay | 322.8 W | 81.6% | 9.7 TWh |
Irlanda | 322.2 W | 41.8% | 14.1 TWh |
Croacia | 313.8 W | 61.6% | 11.2 TWh |
Reino Unido | 288.5 W | 57.3% | 170.1 TWh |
Japón | 287.7 W | 32.1% | 314.0 TWh |
Venezuela | 274.7 W | 80.9% | 67.9 TWh |
República Popular China | 264.5 W | 36.3% | 3303.6 TWh |
Letonia | 254.8 W | 63.7% | 4.2 TWh |
Hungría | 249.3 W | 49.9% | 21.2 TWh |
Costa Rica | 249.0 W | 92.0% | 11.2 TWh |
Grecia | 241.8 W | 48.0% | 22.1 TWh |
Rumanía | 229.5 W | 68.6% | 38.9 TWh |
República de China (Taiwán) | 227.6 W | 16.9% | 47.6 TWh |
Kirguistán | 227.3 W | 89.5% | 13.0 TWh |
Lituania | 222.2 W | 40.6% | 5.4 TWh |
Ucrania | 218.9 W | 74.6% | 83.5 TWh |
Panamá | 218.5 W | 74.4% | 8.3 TWh |
Tayikistán | 210.7 W | 91.2% | 18.0 TWh |
Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 204.8 W | 11.3% | 16.8 TWh |
Serbia | 203.9 W | 38.4% | 13.0 TWh |
Bosnia y Herzegovina | 197.8 W | 41.3% | 5.7 TWh |
Italia | 194.4 W | 35.5% | 100.9 TWh |
Luxemburgo | 190.3 W | 22.6% | 1.1 TWh |
Surinam | 190.0 W | 36.2% | 1.0 TWh |
Estonia | 183.8 W | 26.9% | 2.1 TWh |
Nueva Caledonia | 182.5 W | 13.7% | 0.5 TWh |
Turquía | 177.5 W | 41.9% | 131.8 TWh |
Armenia | 169.3 W | 56.6% | 4.1 TWh |
Ecuador | 166.1 W | 71.3% | 25.9 TWh |
El Mundo | 162.4 W | 39.6% | 11252.2 TWh |
Aruba | 160.7 W | 16.1% | 0.1 TWh |
Curazao | 156.3 W | 29.2% | 0.3 TWh |
Guadalupe | 150.1 W | 31.2% | 0.5 TWh |
Vietnam | 141.3 W | 43.3% | 120.6 TWh |
Islas Cook | 134.1 W | 40.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Argentina | 127.3 W | 38.6% | 50.5 TWh |
Colombia | 127.2 W | 66.1% | 57.4 TWh |
Polonia | 122.4 W | 26.1% | 41.1 TWh |
Malasia | 116.9 W | 19.0% | 34.4 TWh |
Reunión | 113.3 W | 30.8% | 0.9 TWh |
Perú | 112.1 W | 54.1% | 33.1 TWh |
El Salvador | 100.9 W | 67.4% | 5.6 TWh |
Chipre | 99.2 W | 21.1% | 1.1 TWh |
Zambia | 95.7 W | 92.2% | 16.3 TWh |
Fiyi | 87.7 W | 62.8% | 0.7 TWh |
Polinesia Francesa | 86.4 W | 32.9% | 0.2 TWh |
Seychelles | 85.8 W | 12.3% | 0.1 TWh |
Kazajistán | 85.8 W | 12.8% | 14.4 TWh |
Bielorrusia | 84.5 W | 16.2% | 7.1 TWh |
Belice | 74.2 W | 26.3% | 0.3 TWh |
Sudáfrica | 72.5 W | 16.8% | 37.7 TWh |
Honduras | 69.2 W | 52.0% | 6.2 TWh |
Namibia | 67.7 W | 39.9% | 1.5 TWh |
Macedonia del Norte | 67.3 W | 18.0% | 1.2 TWh |
Esuatini | 67.0 W | 42.2% | 0.7 TWh |
México | 66.5 W | 18.2% | 73.8 TWh |
Israel | 63.6 W | 6.8% | 5.0 TWh |
Dominica | 63.0 W | 23.5% | 0.0 TWh |
Guatemala | 62.3 W | 66.6% | 9.6 TWh |
Mozambique | 57.7 W | 81.4% | 16.2 TWh |
Malta | 55.5 W | 11.5% | 0.3 TWh |
Mauricio | 53.6 W | 21.2% | 0.6 TWh |
Guam | 53.5 W | 4.4% | 0.1 TWh |
Corea del Norte | 52.8 W | 83.2% | 12.0 TWh |
Jordania | 52.7 W | 23.4% | 5.2 TWh |
Gabón | 49.7 W | 35.9% | 1.0 TWh |
Tailandia | 47.1 W | 13.5% | 29.5 TWh |
Sri Lanka | 45.8 W | 51.6% | 8.7 TWh |
San Vicente y las Granadinas | 43.8 W | 25.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Cuba | 42.8 W | 21.4% | 4.2 TWh |
Nicaragua | 42.2 W | 42.2% | 2.5 TWh |
Omán | 40.0 W | 3.8% | 1.6 TWh |
Angola | 39.0 W | 71.8% | 11.8 TWh |
India | 35.5 W | 24.3% | 437.7 TWh |
Pakistán | 33.0 W | 51.8% | 67.0 TWh |
Barbados | 32.5 W | 7.5% | 0.1 TWh |
Camboya | 31.7 W | 37.4% | 4.6 TWh |
Zimbabue | 31.5 W | 45.1% | 4.4 TWh |
Samoa | 31.3 W | 35.3% | 0.1 TWh |
Bolivia | 31.1 W | 29.2% | 3.3 TWh |
República Dominicana | 31.0 W | 17.2% | 3.0 TWh |
Guinea Ecuatorial | 30.7 W | 31.0% | 0.4 TWh |
Irán | 29.8 W | 6.0% | 23.0 TWh |
Jamaica | 28.7 W | 16.3% | 0.7 TWh |
Sudán | 27.4 W | 66.1% | 11.0 TWh |
Marruecos | 27.3 W | 22.1% | 8.9 TWh |
Ghana | 25.4 W | 34.9% | 7.3 TWh |
Mongolia | 25.2 W | 9.0% | 0.7 TWh |
Filipinas | 25.1 W | 22.3% | 25.0 TWh |
Lesoto | 25.0 W | 48.5% | 0.5 TWh |
Antigua y Barbuda | 24.5 W | 5.7% | 0.0 TWh |
Kenia | 24.5 W | 85.1% | 11.4 TWh |
Egipto | 24.4 W | 11.2% | 23.4 TWh |
San Cristóbal y Nieves | 24.0 W | 4.5% | 0.0 TWh |
Líbano | 23.7 W | 5.6% | 1.2 TWh |
Indonesia | 23.4 W | 18.1% | 56.2 TWh |
Nepal | 23.3 W | 68.8% | 6.1 TWh |
Islas Vírgenes de EE. UU. | 22.8 W | 2.9% | 0.0 TWh |
Guyana | 22.7 W | 13.0% | 0.2 TWh |
Camerún | 21.1 W | 62.2% | 5.0 TWh |
Myanmar (Birmania) | 19.6 W | 42.2% | 9.2 TWh |
Congo | 19.0 W | 24.1% | 1.0 TWh |
Singapur | 18.1 W | 1.6% | 0.9 TWh |
Puerto Rico | 17.9 W | 2.8% | 0.5 TWh |
Guinea | 17.0 W | 72.7% | 2.0 TWh |
Uzbekistán | 16.8 W | 8.1% | 5.0 TWh |
Azerbaiyán | 15.7 W | 5.4% | 1.4 TWh |
Papúa Nueva Guinea | 14.8 W | 26.5% | 1.3 TWh |
Moldavia | 14.0 W | 6.9% | 0.4 TWh |
Etiopía | 13.9 W | 99.9% | 14.7 TWh |
Irak | 13.8 W | 4.6% | 5.3 TWh |
Côte d’Ivoire | 13.8 W | 30.1% | 3.3 TWh |
Cabo Verde | 13.6 W | 15.6% | 0.1 TWh |
República Democrática del Congo | 13.1 W | 98.0% | 11.0 TWh |
Mauritania | 12.4 W | 24.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Liberia | 11.6 W | 57.6% | 0.5 TWh |
Maldivas | 10.9 W | 7.6% | 0.1 TWh |
Tonga | 10.8 W | 12.5% | 0.0 TWh |
Uganda | 10.6 W | 97.0% | 4.3 TWh |
Senegal | 7.6 W | 18.9% | 1.1 TWh |
Vanuatu | 7.2 W | 28.6% | 0.0 TWh |
Malaui | 6.8 W | 83.8% | 1.2 TWh |
Tanzania | 6.6 W | 44.0% | 3.6 TWh |
Mali | 6.4 W | 36.0% | 1.2 TWh |
Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 5.1 W | 10.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Territorios Palestinos | 4.4 W | 2.8% | 0.2 TWh |
Nigeria | 4.4 W | 24.4% | 8.3 TWh |
Ruanda | 4.3 W | 58.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Siria | 4.1 W | 4.5% | 0.8 TWh |
República Centroafricana | 3.1 W | 100.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Túnez | 3.1 W | 1.7% | 0.3 TWh |
Madagascar | 2.8 W | 34.4% | 0.7 TWh |
Arabia Saudí | 2.7 W | 0.2% | 0.8 TWh |
Sierra Leona | 2.6 W | 90.5% | 0.2 TWh |
Argelia | 2.4 W | 1.2% | 0.9 TWh |
Burundi | 2.3 W | 54.3% | 0.3 TWh |
Togo | 2.2 W | 11.8% | 0.2 TWh |
Yemen | 2.1 W | 17.0% | 0.6 TWh |
Afganistán | 2.0 W | 11.3% | 0.7 TWh |
Haití | 1.3 W | 13.1% | 0.1 TWh |
Burkina Faso | 1.2 W | 8.2% | 0.2 TWh |
Bangladés | 0.9 W | 1.6% | 1.3 TWh |
Baréin | 0.8 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Botsuana | 0.4 W | 0.2% | 0.0 TWh |
Trinidad y Tobago | 0.4 W | 0.1% | 0.0 TWh |
Eritrea | 0.3 W | 2.2% | 0.0 TWh |
RAE de Hong Kong (China) | 0.3 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Somalia | 0.3 W | 9.8% | 0.0 TWh |
Turkmenistán | 0.2 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Níger | 0.2 W | 3.1% | 0.1 TWh |
Libia | 0.2 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Sudán del Sur | 0.1 W | 1.8% | 0.0 TWh |
Benín | 0.1 W | 1.1% | 0.0 TWh |
Chad | 0.1 W | 3.2% | 0.0 TWh |