Renewables-including-hydro is a broad category of energy that encompasses various sources that are generally considered to have a low environmental impact, particularly in terms of their carbon emissions. This category includes energy generated from the movement of water in rivers and reservoirs (hydroelectric power), as well as from wind, solar, and other low-carbon sources. Collectively, these sources contribute significantly to the electricity supply worldwide and are pivotal in the transition towards a clean, sustainable energy future.

Generating electricity from renewables-including-hydro involves harnessing natural processes such as the flow of water, the blowing of wind, and the sunlight shining on solar panels. For instance, hydroelectric plants utilize dams where water stored at height is released through turbines, generating electricity. Wind power captures the kinetic energy of wind using turbines to produce electricity, while solar power involves converting sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These methods are complementary and represent a cohesive strategy in diversifying the world's electricity mix.

One of the primary advantages of renewables-including-hydro is that they offer some of the lowest carbon emissions among electricity generation technologies, contributing to a reduction in the global carbon footprint. For example, hydroelectric power has a carbon intensity of about 24 gCO2eq/kWh, significantly lower than that of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which have intensities of around 820 gCO2eq/kWh and 650 gCO2eq/kWh respectively. Similarly, wind and solar energy, with carbon intensities of 11 gCO2eq/kWh and 45 gCO2eq/kWh respectively, alongside nuclear power at 12 gCO2eq/kWh, emphasize the environmental benefits of adopting low-carbon technologies over high-emission fossil fuels.

Currently, renewables-including-hydro generate more than a quarter of all electricity consumed globally, showcasing their importance in the world's energy mix. The emphasis on expanding low-carbon electricity options like solar and nuclear is crucial, as they provide clean and reliable power essential for meeting the increasing electricity demands driven by electrification and technological advancements such as AI. By investing in these energy forms, it is possible to significantly cut down on harmful emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Furthermore, by diversifying electricity sources and enhancing reliance on low-carbon technologies, countries can decrease dependency on volatile fossil fuel markets, enhancing energy security and promoting economic stability. This aligns with the broader goals of sustainable development, offering pathways to not only combat climate change but also support healthy ecosystems and communities across the globe. In contrast to fossil fuels, the growth of nuclear and solar power offers a reliable, consistent, and clean approach to powering our homes and industries alike. In summary, embracing renewables-including-hydro, along with emphasizing nuclear and solar power expansion, supports a future where electricity growth can seamlessly meet global demands without compromising environmental integrity.