As of 2024, Portugal's electricity consumption profile is heavily dominated by low-carbon sources, constituting about 69% of the total. Wind and hydropower each supply almost a quarter of the electric mix, demonstrating the country's commitment to clean energy. Additionally, low-carbon electricity is bolstered by net imports, which contribute roughly 18%, and solar energy that supplies about 12%. Fossil fuels, a primary driver of climate change and air pollution, make up a modest 12% of the energy mix. In this balanced distribution, biofuels also play a minor role with a share close to 7%. This significant reliance on low-carbon sources highlights Portugal's progressive shift towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity system.
Is Electricity Growing in Portugal?
Despite this impressive tilt towards low-carbon electricity, overall electricity consumption in Portugal has not been on the rise. In 2024, the per capita consumption of electricity stands at 5444 kWh, which remains below the peak consumption level of 5831 kWh per person recorded in 2016. This represents a decrease of nearly 400 kWh per person. However, it's encouraging to note that there is strong growth in the low-carbon sector; low-carbon electricity generation has reached 3782 kWh per person, marking an increase of almost 500 kWh compared to the previous year's record. Although the overall consumption lags behind historical peaks, the increased use of clean electricity is a positive step towards Portugal's energy transition.
Suggestions
To further enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Portugal can strengthen its existing wind and solar initiatives, considering they already contribute substantial and sustainable electricity. Learning from Denmark's success, where over half of electricity comes from wind, could pave the way for expanding Portugal's wind energy infrastructure. Additionally, Spain serves as a neighborly example with its significant investment in nuclear energy, contributing 20% of its electricity, signaling a potential area for Portugal to explore. Portugal's strategic advancements in these sectors not only promise greater energy independence but also fortify the nation’s position as a leader in green energy.
History
Historically, Portugal's journey with low-carbon electricity, particularly hydropower, has been marked by fluctuations. The late 20th century witnessed several notable years, such as 1977 with a substantial increase, while the late 1980s and early 1990s experienced declines. The volatility persisted into the 2000s, with years like 2003 and 2010 seeing notable boosts only to be followed by declines. The pattern of rise-and-fall underscores the inherent variability of hydropower due to climatic and environmental factors. Recently, the trend has stabilized with moderate gains, including the 5.5 TWh increase in 2023. To build on these historical gains, Portugal’s diversified approach into solar and possibly nuclear can provide a more stable and reliable pathway to expanding green electricity generation sustainably.